Abnormalities in kidney function must be present for how long to diagnose CKD?
≥ 3 months
A eGFR of what must be present to diagnose CKD in the absence of kidney damage?
60ml/min/1.73m2 for > 3 months
Cannot eat for 12 hours before test
What do symptoms usually become apparent in CKD?
Stage 4 (out of 5)
What are the main causes of CKD?
Diabetes
Glomerulonephritis
Idiopathic
What skin changes may be present in CKD?
Lemon tinge - uraemia & itchy skin
What correction factor must be applied for eGFR in afro-carribean?
x1.2
What type of people have a normally high createnine?
What type of people have a normally low createnine?
Muscular men
Skinny women
What is micro-albuminuria?
Increased albumin excretion in urine
An albumin createnine ratio of what is clinically significant for CKD?
moderate: 3-30mg/mmol - in non diabetics
severe: > 30
Diabetic male: 2.5
Diabetic female: 3.5
eGFR is not a reliable indicator in which groups of people?
Pregnant
< 18
What is the acute management of CKD?
Nephrotoxins - NSAIDs, contrast, metformin
Furosemide - if fluid overload
Sodium bicarbonate - if acidotic
What is the management of CKD?
ACE-i if high BP (reno-protective)
Statins - 15-20mg - modify QRISK2
Anti platelet - aspirin - stroke risk
What is the target BP in someone with CKD?
<140/90
Why are CKD patients at risk of anaemia?
Decreased EPO release - decreased Hb
Give recombinant EPO
