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Respiratory > Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease > Flashcards

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is COPD?

A

A progressive disorder characterised by airway obstruction with little or no reversibility

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2
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Cough with sputum production on most days for 3 months of 2 successive years

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3
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Enlarged air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles with destruction of alveolar walls

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4
Q

What can cause COPD?

A

Smoking, air pollution

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5
Q

What is FEV1?

A

<80%

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6
Q

What is the FEV1:FVC?

A

<0.7

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7
Q

What factors would lead you to believe the patient has COPD and not asthma?

A

Older, smoking/pollution, chronic dyspnoea, sputum production, minimal FEV1 variation

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8
Q

What are some general symptoms of COPD?

A

Cough, sputum, dyspnoea, wheeze

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9
Q

What are some general signs of COPD?

A

Tachypnoea, accessory breathing, decreased expansion, quiet breath sounds, cyanosis

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10
Q

What might you see on a CXR?

A

Hyperinflation, flat hemidiaphragms, large and central pulmonary arteries

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11
Q

What might you see on a CT?

A

Bronchial wall thickening, scarring, air space enlargement

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12
Q

What might you see on an ECG?

A

Right heart hypertrophy

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13
Q

What might you see if you did blood gases?

A

Low oxygen, normal or high carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What might you see on spirometry?

A

Obstruction and air trapping

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15
Q

What are some differential diagnoses?

A

Asthma, congestive heart failure

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16
Q

What general management advice can you give?

A

Smoking cessation, exercise, mental health help

17
Q

What might you need to start later that can help survival?

A

Long term oxygen therapy

18
Q

What are some potential complications?

A

Acute exacerbations with/without infection, respiratory failure, cor pulmonale, pneumothorax, lung carcinoma

19
Q

How is severity measured?

A

BODE index

20
Q

What does BODE stand for?

A

BMI, Obstruction, Dyspnoea, Exercise capacity

21
Q

How would you manage mild COPD?

A

Inhaled SAMA or inhaled SABA

22
Q

How would you manage moderate COPD?

A

Inhaled LAMA or LABA

23
Q

How would you manage severe COPD?

A

Add an inhaled steroid

24
Q

Give an example of a SAMA

A

Ipratropium

25
Q

Give an example of a SABA

A

Salbutamol

26
Q

Give an example of a LAMA

A

Tiotropium

27
Q

Give an example of a LABA

A

Formeterol

28
Q

Give an example of an inhaled steroid

A

Symbicort - Budesonide + formeterol

29
Q

What are the most common bacteria to cause infective exacerbations?

A

H. influenzae, S. pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis

30
Q

Describe an exacerbation

A

Breathlessness, cough, bilateral expiratory wheeze

31
Q

What should you start immediately in a COPD exacerbation?

A

Oxygen, salbutamol, ipratropium bromide

32
Q

Why is an ABG important in a COPD exacerbation?

A

Establish need for BIPAP or referral to intensive care

Respiratory (14 decks)

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