Pneumonia Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
An acute lower respiratory tract infection associated fever, symptoms and signs in the chest, and abnormalities on a CXR
What are the two most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae
What are the two most common causes of hospital acquired pneumonia?
Gram negative enterobacteria, S. aureus
What is aspiration pneumonia?
When food, saliva, liquid or vomit is breathed into the lungs and anaerobic bacteria enter lungs
What can lead to aspiration pneumonia?
Stroke, decreased consciousness, oesophageal disease
What are systemic symptoms of pneumonia?
Fever, rigors, malaise
What are pulmonary symptoms of pneumonia?
Dyspnoea, cough, haemoptysis, pleuritic pain
What are signs of pneumonia?
Cyanosis, confusion, tachypnoea, tachycardia
How can you assess oxygenation?
Sats, BP
What can you see on a CXR?
Lobar or multilobar infiltrates, cavitation, pleural effusion
What sputum tests would you run?
Microscopy, culture
How do you manage pneumonia?
Antibiotics, oxygen, IV fluid, analgesia
Who can get the pneumococcal vaccine due to being at higher risk of pneumonia?
65 or older, chronic heart, liver, renal or lung conditions, DM not controlled by diet, immunosuppression
What are some complications of pneumonia?
Pleural effusion, empyema, lung abscess, respiratory failure, hypotension, atrial fibrillation
What is empyema?
Pus in the pleural space
