Chronic Respiratory conditions

Question 1

what is asthma

Answer 1

chronic inflammatory airway disorder
airway obstruction, bronchial irritability, edema of mucous membranes, congestion and spasms of smooth muscles of the bronchi and bronchioles.

Question 2

pathophysiology of ashtma

Answer 2

hypersensitivity type 1 immune response

IgE mediated

Question 3

asthma classification system

Answer 3

frequency and severity of symptoms
severe persistent
moderate persistent
mild persistent
mild intermittent

Question 4

levels of control in asthma

Answer 4

controlled
partly controlled
uncontrolled

Question 5

host risk factors of asthma

Answer 5

age
heredity
gender
obesity
ethnicity

Question 6

environmental factors of asthma

Answer 6

allergens
infection
tobacco smoke
indoor/outdoor air pollution
diet

Question 7

clinical manifestations of asthma

Answer 7

dyspnea
excessive coughing
expiratory wheezing
diaphoresis
prolong expiratory phase 
anxious
restless
setting position

Question 8

signs of respiratory distress

Answer 8

nasal flaring
cyanosis
intercostal retractions

Question 9

pulmonary function tests

Answer 9

forced vital capacity (FVC)
forced expiratory volume (FEV)
forced expiratory flow (FEF)
Peak expiratory flow (PEF)

Question 10

preventer meds for asthma (controllers)

Answer 10

corticosteroids : QVAR, flovent
Long acting Beta 2: advair, servent
mast cell stabilizers: cromolyn
Leukotriene inhibitors: Singulair

Question 11

rescue meds for asthma (reliever)

Answer 11

short acting beta 2 agonists/ bronchodilators: proventil, xopenex, albuterol
methylxanthines (not used much b/c of toxicity) theophylline

Question 12

nursing interventions for asthma exacerbation

Answer 12

high fowlers
oxygen
teach child to use diaphragm to pull in and expel air
control panic
administer rescue drugs

Question 13

exercise induced bronchospasms

Answer 13

it is asthma
self-limiting
develops after vigorous exercise
do not exclude children from sports
pre-medicate to prevent exacerbation

Question 14

symptoms of exercise induced bronchospasm

Answer 14

cough, shortness of breath, chest pain or tightness, wheezing and endurance problems

Question 15

cystic fibrosis mainly effects which ethnicity?

Answer 15

caucasians

Question 16

pathophysiology of CF

Answer 16

disrupts the normal functions of the exocrine glands related to sodium and chloride transport via the CFTR protein

Question 17

multiorgan effects of CF

Answer 17

respiratory
gastrointestinal
reproductive
hepatic

Question 18

pulmonary effects

Answer 18

repeated episodes of bronchitis and chronic bronchial pneumonia
generalized obstructive emphysema

Question 19

pulmonary s/s of CF

Answer 19

wheezy cough, increasing dyspnea, thick rattling extremely productive cough, cyanosis, pneumonia, polyps in nose, clubbed digits, chronic sinusitis

Question 20

GI tract effect of CF

Answer 20

small intestine, intestinal obstruction

pancreatic ducts

Question 21

what happens to the pancreas during CF

Answer 21

degeneration of pancreas
pancreatic achylia
malabsorption syndrome
diabetes

Question 22

GI s/s of CF

Answer 22

appetite changes
steatorrhea
azotorrhea
weight loss
tissue wasting
distended abdomen
sallow skin
anemia

Question 23

hepatic effects of CF

Answer 23

biliary fibrosis
biliary cirrhosis
portal hypertension

Question 24

s/s of hepatic effects of CF

Answer 24

ascites
GI bleeding
jaundice

Question 25

reproductive effects of CF

Answer 25

sterility | delayed puberty

Question 26

salivary and sweat glands CF

Answer 26

``` electrolyte loss salty sweat dehydration hyponatremia heat stroke ```

Question 27

diagnostic tests for CF

Answer 27

Prenatal-DNA analysis of chronic villi or amniotic fluid samples newborn screening pilocarpine electrophoresis (sweat chloride test) >60 is a positive result stool for fecal fat

Question 28

what is considered a positive sweat test result during a pilocarpine electrophoresis test?

Answer 28

greater than 60

Question 29

prognosis of CF

Answer 29

decreased life expectancy

Question 30

how do you maximize health potential in CF patients

Answer 30

pulmonary hygiene nutrition prevention/early aggressive treatment of infection

Question 31

types of aggressive airway clearance for CF

Answer 31

``` manual percussion positive expiratory pressure (PEP Mask) high frequency chest percussion vest airway oscillators like the flutter device postural drainage breathing exercises physical exercise ```

Question 32

drugs for CF

Answer 32

bronchodilators mucolytics; dornase alfa (pulmozyme) chloride channel activators and sodium channel blockers antibiotic therapy; therapeutic and prophylactic

Question 33

medical mgmt of cf

Answer 33

``` pancreatic enzymes by mouth fat soluble vitamins ( A,D,E,K) stool softeners PRN sodium tablets added to diet in hot water oral iron supplements monitor blood glucose anti-inflammatory agents protease inhibitors immunizations flu shots lung transplant ```