Chs 17, 18, 19 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Staphylococci
Skin: bacteria 90% normal flora
S. aureus
Skin: antibio resistant bacteria. manifestations x 4: sty; furuncle (boil); carbuncle; scalded skin syndrome
Streptococci
Skin: bacteria, normal skin flora
Streptococcus pyogenes
Skin: pathogenic bacteria. Impetigo, isolated pustules crusted rupture, spread by contact
Pseudomonas sp.
Skin:
P. dermatitis = hot-tub rash
Otitis externa = ‘swimmers ear’
Warts
Skin: Papilloma virus. hyperplasia (abnormally fast mitosis). treatments: acid, cryotherapy, electric current
Chicken pox
Skin: Varicella virus. transmitted respiratory, manifests as skin lesions, post infection virus remains dormant in spinal area (dorsal root ganglion)
Shingles
Skin: Herpes zoster. reactivation of chickenpox virus in immune suppressed. Lesions follow nerve pathways.
Small pox
Skin: Variola virus. internal organs, skin lesions. A) major - 20% mortality rate; B) minor - 1% mortality, less severe. Total eradication of natural form (supposedly occurred) 1977
Herpes simplex
Skin: A) HSV-1: 90% population, 15% show symptoms. saliva. B) HSV-2: STD. Both types remain in CNS.
Rubeola
Skin: ‘regular’ measles. highly contagious thru respiratory droplets. cold-like symptoms, rash 10-12 days later. possible complication - pneumonia
Rubella
Skin: German measles. milder than ruboela, light fever, mild rash. complications for preg women w/o immunity who contract during 1st trimester
Bacterial meningitis
NS: e.g. Hemophilus influenzae. symptoms: headache, stiff neck. encapsulated, normal throat flora. highest risk in children due to immature immune system
Tetanus
NS: Clostridium tetani = obligate anaerobe, endospore + from soil w/animal feces. Neurotoxin enters PNS blood -> CNS, causes continual muscle contraction: Spastic Paralysis. Post exposure vaccination = YES.
Botulism
NS: Clostridium botulinum = obligate anaerobe, endospore +, food poisoning “sausage disease”. symptoms: nausea (no fever) double vision as CNS involved. Neurotoxin blocks nerve ACH release, causes Flaccid Paralysis, respiratory and/or heart failure.
*Infant form - babies under 1, source: honey & corn syrup
Leprosy
NS: Mycobacterium leprae. Acid fast +. lower temp –ONLY bacteria to grow and establish in PNS. 1:200 infected show symptoms.
2 forms:
A) tuberculoid - neural, lose skin sensation, recovery w/o issue
B) lepromatous - progressive, immune suppressed ppl, “lion faced/clawed hands”
Polio (poliomyelitis)
NS: Humans are the Only Hosts. Feces contaminated H2O. Symptoms: sore throat and nausea. Travels to lymph nodes and tonsils (usually stops there - can enter blood but not typical.) If Viremia (viruses in blood) goes to CNS affect motor nerve cells in upper spine, virus multiplies in cytoplasm and caused paralysis leading to respiratory failure. "Iron lung"
Rabies
NS: rhabdovirus, fatal encephalitis. bullet shaped. From infected animal bite. Post exposure vaccine YES. Hydrophobia (foaming at mouth). Final stages damage to brain and spine nerve cells & inevitable death
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Cardio: Streptococci common in oral cavity. Tooth extraction risk to ppl w/pre-existing heart conditions. Alpha (partial) hemolytic. Susceptible to P10.
Acute bacterial endocarditis
Cardio: caused by pathogenic Staph aureus and Strepto pyogenes. Beta hemolytic (total lysis). Normal immune systems are susceptible. bacteria move quickly from initial infection into blood/heart. Heart destruction within days weeks. Fatal if untreated. Susceptible to P10.
Rheumatic Fever
Cardio: autoimmune complication, beings as ‘strep-throat’, heart abnormalities show 1-5 wks later. Subsequent strep infections will renew attacks and cause further heart damage.
Sydenham’s chora
Cardio: rare type rheumatic fever, 10% patients, women, involuntary movement, disappears in a few months.
