CI Practice Test Flashcards by Emily Swope

Patients taking warfarin (Coumadin) need to monitor their intake of which nutrient to maintain stable blood clotting?

Vitamin K - spinach, kale, cranberries, broccoli

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Which mineral can decrease the absorption of levothyroxine, a medication used to treat hypothyroidism?

Calcium

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Which nutrient is commonly restricted in patients taking MAO inhibitors due to potential interactions?

Tyramine

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Clients taking PPIs for gastric acid reduction may be at risk of deficiency in which nutrient?

Vitamin B12

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Patients on long term use of corticosteroids may require supplementation of which nutrient to support bone health?

Vitamin D

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Which supplements may interact with certain antidepressant medications, leading to an increased risk of serotonin syndrome?

5-HTP and St John’s Wort

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If your client has elevated liver enzymes you should exercise caution when using which herbal supplement, known to have potential hepatotoxic effects?

Kava kava

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Which herbal supplement may interact with sedative medications such as benzodiaepines, potentially causing excessive drowsiness?

Passionflower

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Clients taking anticoagulant medications should exercise caution when using which herbal remedy due to potential interactions?

Turmeric

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What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in the human body?

Glycogen

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Your client indicates on their intake form that they are taking a statin medication. You ask them about it during the intake and they share verbally more about dose and timing of the medication. What are key steps during/after the session?

Document in SOAP chart note, include nutrient and herb potential interactions

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Your client indicates on their intake form that they are taking a statin medication. You ask them about it during the intake and they share they experience mild muscle cramps. Their CMP and lipid panel are WNL. You recommend and place in the chart:

A CoQ10 supplement 200mg, increase seafood intake, document in P section of SOAP

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Which herb is generally considered safe during pregnancy and is often used to alleviate nausea as tea or wafting (not taking internally)?

Peppermint

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Pregnant people are generally advised to avoid which supplement due to its potential hormonal effects?

Red clover

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This herb is contraindicated in people who are on amlodipine as well as in pregnant people because:

Licorice;Glycyrrhiza glabra; it may increase blood pressure

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Your client tells you they just started taking hydrochlorothiazide and in the 24hr dietary recall they share that they enjoy a daily hibuscus iced tea, but lately they feel lightheaded after. Why is this and what do you do?

The hibiscuc may lower BP, interacts with their medication and you suggest iced mint tea as an alternative

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People taking metformin for diabetes management should be attentive to their intake of which nutrient to avoid potential deficiencies that can affect nerve function and blood sugar regulation?

Vitamin B12

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Individuals on ACE inhibitors should exercise caution when taking which herbal supplement, as it may interact with their medication and lead to furthur reductions in BP?

Garlic (Allium sativum)

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A CNS suggests a client take a supplement to counteract a nutrient depeletion caused by a medication, they do not recommend changing the medication. This is:

In their scope of practice

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When can a CNS engage in dual or multiple relationships with a client?

Generally avoid dual relationships, only do so in unavoidable situations, with clear boundaries and protection for clients

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What should a CNS do if a conflict of interest arises with a client. as per the Code of Conduct?

Take reasonable steps to resolve the issue, prioritizing clients’ interests, terminate and refer out if necessary

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How often does the CNS credential need to be recertified, demonstrating commitment to ongoing education?

Every 5 years

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According to the PN care model, what is the primary focus during the Interpretation phase?

Identifying connections between imbalances

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May a CNS provide a client with a prescriptive exercise plan that the CNS creates for the client?

Only if the CNS has additional training/certifications in exercise science or physical activity modalities

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You client's doctor calls you and asks why your client is taking so many supplements. What is the first thing you check for?

Do you have a HIPAA release of information on file for the provider

A 53yo client is haing difficulty with injury recovery and is taking multiple medications. After reviewing their genomics you identify multiple Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) snps. Which of the following cofactors would you recommend as supplements?

Manganese, Zn, Cu

A 45yo client is experiencing frustration about never being able to lose weight. Upon review of their nutritional genomics, which snp would you expect to find?

FTO

What would the expected symptoms be for someone with the CYP1A2 and ADORA2 snps?

Difficulty metabolizing caffeine, anxiety

Your cleint has MTRR and MTHFR, which of the following supplements would you recommend?

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate

Which of the following vitamins are required as cofactors for the citric acid cycle?

Riboflavin, niacin, thiamine

Your client is interested in reducing oxidative stress and improving fat metabolism to help their chronic condition, which of the following nutrients would you recommend?

L-carnitine

You identify your client would benefit from an increase in L-carnitine, which amino acids are needed to synthesize?

L-lysine and L-methionine

A 62yo female is experiencing fatigue and their OAT test shows abnormal succinate results. Which nutrient would be beneficial to increase?

B2 ( riboflavin)

Your 50yo male client has a waist to height ratio of 0.7. What is their risk level?

High central adiposity-further increased risk

Your 43yo female client has a family history of breast cancer, which of the following would you recommend to reduce exposure to potential environmental triggers?

Store and reheat food in glass, not plastic

Which of the brush border enzymes cleaves trypsinogen into trypsin?

Enterokinase

Which amino acids contain sulfur?

Methionine and cysteine (and thereby homocysteine)

What is the basic structure of an amino acid?

Four groups - a hydrogen, an alpha carboxyl group, an alpha amine group, and an R group

Your client has pain in the upper right quadrant of their abdomen, they are experiencing diarrhea and yellowish stool, and symptoms are worse when they consume peanut butter and fish. What do you recommend?

Urgent care referral, possible gallstones/cholecystitis

A 37yo male client with stage 4 CKD seeks nutritional guidance. Which nutrients do you monitor and recommend reducing?

Protein and sodium

A 32yo female client with heavy periods seeks nutritional advice, her ferritin level is 11ng/mL and her MCV is 77fL. Which of the following would you recommend?

Iron or ferrous biglyciante supplementation

Which of the following would yield the most energy per gram when oxidized?

Fat

A 54yo client would like to build more muscle, which amino acid would you increase?

L-leucine

A 22yo female client is experiencing restriction of calories under 500kcal/day and cessation of menses for 12 months. Which of the following would you recommend screening for as they start to eat more food?

Refeeding syndrome including hypophosphatemia; refer to PCP

In the fasted state, what reduces muscle degradation?

Beta oxidation of fatty acids

Which amino acid is a precursor for the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione and plays a key role in detoxification processes in the body?

Cysteine

Which of the following amino acids is commonly found in collagen and plays a role in providing structural integrity to connective tissues?

Proline

Which amino acid is necessary for the synthesis of creatine, an important molecule involved in energy metabolism, particularly in muscle cells?

Arginine

What role do BCAAs play in management of sarcopenia?

They promote muscle synthesis and may help mitigate muscle loss

Which amino acid is most prevalent in the body?

Glutamine

What is the primary pathophysiologicla mechanism underlying the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)?

Increased secretion of ADH

A common genetic variant in te COMT gene, known as the COMT snp, is associated with variations in the activity of which neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

Which of the following best describes beta oxidation?

The catabolic pathway for fatty acids to generate acetyl CoA and produces ATP

A 28-year-old woman presents to her healthcare provider with complaints of irregular menstrual cycles, acne, and difficulty losing weight. After further evaluation, she is diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Her healthcare provider discusses various treatment options, including dietary supplements. Which of the following supplements has shown promising results in managing symptoms of PCOS by improving insulin sensitivity and ovarian function?

Inostiol

A 35-year-old woman presents with symptoms of bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. After ruling out other gastrointestinal conditions, she is diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Her healthcare provider recommends trying a low FODMAP diet to alleviate her symptoms. Which of the following foods would be appropriate for her to include in her low FODMAP diet?

White rice

A 45-year-old woman is diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and experiences symptoms of gas, bloating, and diarrhea after consuming certain foods. Her healthcare provider recommends a low FODMAP diet to help alleviate her symptoms. Which of the following foods would be advisable for her to avoid on a low FODMAP diet?

Garlic

A 40-year-old woman with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) experiences bloating and abdominal discomfort after consuming foods and beverages containing high FODMAP sweeteners. She seeks guidance from a registered dietitian to help manage her symptoms while still enjoying sweet treats. Which of the following sweeteners would be considered low FODMAP-friendly and suitable for her to use?

Maple syrup

Which cofactor is directly involved in the converstion of succinyl-CoA to succinate in the citric acid cycle?

FADH2

A 55-year-old male visits a nutritionist with complaints of persistent high blood pressure and fatigue. Upon assessment, the nutrition provider notes low potassium levels (hypokalemia) and metabolic alkalosis in the patient's lab results. Additionally, the patient's plasma renin activity is low, while aldosterone levels are elevated. Based on these findings, the nutrition provider suspects primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome). What dietary recommendations should the nutritionist consider?

Recommend a patassium rich diet and avoidance of high sodium foods to help normalize electrolyte levels, refer to PCP/nephrologist

A 55-year-old woman presents with chronic diarrhea and malabsorption issues. Laboratory tests indicate deficiencies in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Upon investigation, it is discovered that she lacks a brush border enzyme responsible for the final step in protein digestion. Which enzyme deficiency is likely contributing to her symptoms?

Peptidase

A 35-year-old male presents with recurrent gastrointestinal infections and chronic diarrhea. Further investigation reveals deficiencies in the production of brush border enzymes and impaired function of GALT. Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between GALT and brush border enzyme production?

GALT is involved in the production of brush border enzymes, which are crucial for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine

A 45-year-old woman presents with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and hair loss. She reports consuming high doses of supplements regularly. Upon further investigation, it is revealed that her symptoms are consistent with toxicity related to a specific micronutrient. Which micronutrient is likely causing her symptoms?

Vitamin A

Which dietary intervention is commonly recommended for individuals with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) to help manage symptoms such as orthostatic intolerance and hypovolemia?

High sodium diet

A 55-year-old woman presents with a history of dehydration, gastrointestinal upset, and dizziness. She reports taking high doses of vitamin supplements regularly. Upon further evaluation, her symptoms are indicative of toxicity related to a specific micronutrient. Which micronutrient is likely contributing to her symptoms?

Vitamin C

A 2-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by their parents after accidentally ingesting unknown supplement tablets left on the coffee table. The child is lethargic, vomiting, and has abdominal pain. Which micronutrient toxicity is most likely responsible for the child's symptoms?

Iron

In addition to increasing salt intake, individuals with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) are often advised to increase their intake of which other dietary component to help improve blood volume and orthostatic tolerance?

Pottasium

Which of the following dietary strategies is often recommended for individuals with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) to prevent symptoms such as dizziness and fainting upon standing?

Consuming smaller, frequent meals throughout the day

A 40-year-old man experiences symptoms of metallic taste, hair loss, and nerve damage. He reports excessive consumption of supplements and nuts in his diet. Upon examination, his symptoms are consistent with toxicity related to a specific micronutrient. Which micronutrient is likely causing his symptoms?

Selenium

Which dietary intervention is typically recommended for individuals with beta-thalassemia to manage iron overload and prevent iron-related complications?

Restricting dietary iron intake

Who among the following is at increased risk for beta thalassemia?

A 35yo woman of Mediterranean descent

A client presents with a PCOS Dx and complains of cystic acne and hair growth around her chin. You would like to utilize something to inhibit 5α-Reductase, what herb might you recommend?

Serenoa repens/Saw Palmetto

A 51 YO female has just been diagnosed with allergies to ragweed. What other foods might you suggest she restrict from her diet to see if any changes to her allergy symptoms?

Bananas, chamomile, zucchini, cantaloupe

A 51 YO male experienced swollen gums and lips in the dentist office when the dental hygienist wore latex gloves. In the interim while the client is getting scheduled for an allergy appointment, which foods might you recommend temporarily restricting?

Bananas, kiwi, avocado, chestnut

A 40 YO female client with Interstitial Cystitis (IC) tells you that “Everytime I start to eat healthy, like more green vegetables like you’re supposed to, I get an IC flare and feel worse.” Which group of foods are likely to contribute to this feeling?

Oxalates

A 40 YO female client with Interstitial Cystitis (IC) tells you that “Everytime I start to eat healthy, I get an IC flare and feel worse.” What mineral or vitamin might help bind the oxalates in their diet?

Magnesium citrate

A 51YO female client has a family history of macular degeneration. What supplement recommendation could be appropriate for this client?

Lutein and Zeaxanthin

A 31 YO female client has been working the overnight shift (9pm - 6am) for 6 years. In addition to her diagnosed (and well managed) Celiac Disease, she presents with constipation, weight gain, dry skin, thinning hair and eyebrows. You recommend a thorough review of what system?

Endocrine

A 65 yo F ct has just been diagnosed with osteopenia. She avoids dairy products because they upset her stomach. She has a history of 3 healthy pregnancies and enjoys regular exercise and a daily 1-2 cups of coffee. You are considering a nutritional genomics panel- Which of the following snps would you be curious to evaluate her?

LCT, MCM6 and VDR

A 65 yo F ct has just been diagnosed with osteopenia. She avoids dairy products because they upset her stomach. She has a history of 3 healthy pregnancies and enjoys regular exercise and a daily 1-2 cups of coffee. The genomics panel shows LCT, MCM6 and VDR snps- Which of the following dietary interventions & supplements would you consider as recommendations?

Canned fish, 2000 IUs Vit D w Vit K, and lactase enzyme

How many calories are in a candy bar that has 20g of sugar and 10g protein?

120

A client is restricting 500kcal/day, how many pounds per week would you expect them to lose?

A 55-year-old individual has a fasting blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL. Based on current guidelines, what dietary intervention should be first recommended to help improve glycemic control?

Reducing intake of simple sugars, increasing fiber and protein

A 60-year-old individual has an HbA1c level of 8.5%, and no history of an elevated HbA1c. Which condition do they likely have and dietary approach would be most appropriate to help lower HbA1c levels and improve long-term glycemic control?

T2D, consuming foods with low glycemic index

A 75-year-old male presents with complaints of weakness, fatigue, and difficulty performing activities of daily living. Upon evaluation, he is diagnosed with sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass and function. Which of the following nutrition interventions is most appropriate for managing sarcopenia in this patient?

Increasing consumption of high quality protein sources and resistance exercise

A 45-year-old woman experiencing menopausal symptoms seeks advice on the use of black cohosh supplements for symptom relief. What should be considered when discussing the use of black cohosh with this patient?

Black cohosh is recommended as a support for menopausal symptoms, assess medication list for possible interactions first

Which of the following pathogens is commonly associated with foodborne illness outbreaks linked to improperly cooked poultry?

Salmonella

Which of the following pathogens is most commonly associated with foodborne illness outbreaks linked to consumption of contaminated shellfish?

Vibrio vulnificus

What is the recommended minimum internal cooking temperature for eggs to ensure they are safe for consumption?

160

What is the maximum time limit that perishable food should be left out at room temperature before it becomes unsafe to consume?

2hrs

Epidemiological curves, or epi curves, are commonly used to track the progression of foodborne illness outbreaks. In a typical epi curve for a foodborne illness outbreak, which of the following patterns is indicative of a point source outbreak?

A sudden spike in cases followed by a gradual decline

Which of the following fatty acids is classified as an omega-3 fatty acid and is commonly found in fatty fish such as salmon and mackerel?

Eicosapentanaeoic acid (EPA)

CI Practice Test Flashcards

(91 cards)