circulation Flashcards
features of mass transport systems
-systems of vessels that carry substances- usually tubes following route or branching
-way of making sure substances moved in right direction
-moving materials fast enough to supply need of organism
-suitable transport medium
role of internal transport systems
-carry substances to every cell in body
-deliver oxygen and nutrients
-remove waste from cells
-substances made internally need to be transported
separate circuits of double system advantage
-ensures ox blood and de ox blood cannot mix so tissues receive as much oxygen as possible
fully ox blood delivered at high pressure advantage
-blood going through small vessels in lungs low pressure to not damage vessels
-if ox blood at low pressure went to big vessels wouldnt reach everywhere
-ox blood reaches blood and is pumped at high pressures to body
cardiovascular system features
-made up of series of vessels with heart as pump to move blood through vessels
-blood transport medium
-passage through vessels is circulation
-delivers materials to body
function of cardiovascular system
-carrying hormones from one body part to another
-carrying waste and nutrients
-forming part of defence system of body
-distribute heat
roles of plasma 1
-digest food products from small intestine
-nutrient molecules from storage areas to cells
-excretory products from cells to organs like kidney
-hormones from where they are made to to where they cause change
role of plasma 2
-helps maintain steady body temp by transfering heat around system from deep seated organs or active tissues
-acts as buffer to PH changes
erythrocytes
-contain haemoglobin
-formed in bone marrow
-mature ones dont have nucleus
-120 day life cycle
function of erythrocytes
-transport oxygen from lungs to all of cells
adaptations of erythrocytes
-bio concave disc shape means they have large surface to volume ratio
-oxygen can diffuse fast
-no nucleus so more space
-haemoglobin carries some of carbon dioxide produced in respiration back to lungs
leucocytes
-large than erythrocytes
-formed in bone marrow
-some mature in thymus gland
-
function of leucocytes
-defend body against infection
features of leucocytes
-all have nucleus
-colourless cytoplasm
2 types of leucocytes
-granulocytes
-agranulocytes
types of granulocytes
-neutrophils
-eosinophils
-basophils
types of agranulocytes
-monocytes
-lymphocytes
granulocytes
-have granules in cytoplasm of cells
-take up stain
have lobed nuclei
neutrophils
-part of non specific immune system
-engulf and digest pathogens by phagocytosis
-multi lobed nuclei
-70%
eosinophils
non specific immune system
-stained red by eosin stain
-against parasites
-immunity to disease
-2-4%
basophils
-non specific system
-two lobed nucleus
-produce histamines involved in inflammation and allergic reactions
-0.5-1%
agranulocytes
-dont have granules to take up stain
-have unlobed nuclei
monocytes
-specific immune system
-largest of leucocytes
-move out of blood to form macrophages
-phagocytosis
-3-8%
lymphocytes
-small
-very large nuclei
-20-25%
description of haemoglobin
-large globular protein
-four peptide chains
-iron prosthetic group
what does the first oxygen binding to haem do
-it alters the arrengement of the molecule making it easier for the following oxygen to bind