Circulation Flashcards
(41 cards)
6 main functions of the circulatory system
- delivers oxygen and carbon dioxide to lungs
- delivers nutrients from digestive system
- delivers hormones from the endocrine system
- delivers chemicals or cells from the immune system
- delivers metabolic wastes from all body cells to lungs and kidneys
- distributes head to maintain body temp
open circulatory system
found in snails, insects and crustateans
has hemolymph - mix of blood and tissue that circulates fluid
heart to tubes to sinuses or body cavities
hemolymph moves through tubes and sinuses
low pressure
closed circulatory system
found in all vertebrates and invertebrates like earthworms and squids
fluid is blood
heart to arteries to capillaries to veins
blood stays in tubes
high pressure
two circuit circulatory system
in mammals
blood follows two different circuits
the pulmonary circuit
the systemic circuits
the pulmonary circuit
send deoxygenated blood to the lungs and receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
systematic circuit
sends blood throughout body
Makeup of blood
Red blood cells – Carry oxygen using hemoglobin.
White blood cells – Fight infection and protect the body.
Platelets – Help the blood clot to stop bleeding.
Plasma – The liquid part of blood that carries cells and other substances.
Makeup of plasma
oxygen, proteins, and nutrient molecules, minerals, and vita-
mins, along with carbon dioxide and other waste products
The rhesus
The rhesus factor is an antigen on erythrocyte membranes that produces
an antibody reaction.
blood types
Type A: Has A antigens
Type B: Has B antigens
Type AB: Has both A and B antigens
Type O: Has no A or B antigens
- Arteries
- aorta
- stretchable vessels allowing for a pulse
- carry blood from the heart
- carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
- Veins
- uses valves and skeletal muscles to return blood to heart
- carries blood to the heart
- superior and inferior vena cava
- large internal diameter
- muscular layer not that thick
- carries oxygenated blood from the lungs
- capillaries
- site of gas and nutrient excahnge
- vessel wall one cell thick
control of blood flow
heart to arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins to heart
vasodilation
widening of the lumen of the arterioles
increases blood flow to tissues
vasoconstriction
decrease in the diameter of the arterioles that restrict blood flow
vasoconstriction and vasodilation are both important in
- heat regulation
- blood pressure
- response to sress/movement of stuff in and out of bloodstream
control of blood pressure
pressure increases when heart contracts (systole)
pressure decreases when heart relaxes (diastole)
increase blood volume
causes increase blood pressure
influenced by physical activity, temp, position, diet, stress , age, meds, genetics
how is blood pressure measured
with a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff)
blood pressure is
120/80 mmHg
systolic pressure
first measurment
when heart contracting
distolic pressure
second measurment
when heart relaxing
what does the lymphatic system do
in the circulatory system it ensures blood volume is maintained (returns lymph to plasma)
in immune system it filters bacteria and other components form the blood (defensive)
