Circulation Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

general characteristics of circulatory systems

A

1+ pumps/structures that apply force to drive fluid flow
system of tubes that the fluid can flow through
fluid that circulates through the system

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2
Q

bulk flow

A

aggregated movement of molecules together

allows fluids to move through an organism’s body faster than diffusion

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3
Q

what controls bulk flow of blood?

A

tubes, pumps, and valves

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4
Q

open circulatory system

A

heart type structure which is attached to tube-like structures whose ends are open to the rest of the organism
doesn’t allow huge control over the distribution of velocity of the system

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5
Q

closed circulatory system

A

heart and tubes are connected
supports relatively high pressures
evolved multiple times in animals

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6
Q

what does the high pressure in closed circulatory systems allow?

A

rapid adjustments in oxygen and nutrient delivery to specific issues
ultrafiltration of blood

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7
Q

artery

A

carries blood from the heart to capillary beds

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8
Q

vein

A

carries blood from capillary beds back to the heart

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9
Q

what is tunica externa made of?

A

collagen

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10
Q

what is tunica media made of?

A

smooth muscle and elastin

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11
Q

what is endothelium made from?

A

epithelial cells

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12
Q

elastic artery

A

has very thick tunica external

also has tunica media,, tunica intimate, and endothelium

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13
Q

muscular artery

A

has thinner tunica external, and thicker tunica media

also has tunica intima and endothelium

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14
Q

arteriole

A

has only tunica media surrounding endothelium
structures allows for its key role in blood distributions
leads into capillaries

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15
Q

capillary

A

specialized for transport of materials across the capillary bed
types: continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal

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16
Q

continuous capillary

A

most common capillary type

present in the brain, muscles, and skin

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17
Q

fenestrated capillary

A

pores aid in movement of materials through the capillary beds
present in specialized organs (ex. kidneys, endocrine glands)

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18
Q

sinusoidal capillary

A

rare
has large intercellular lets, which allow protein movement
only found in the liver and in bone marrow

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19
Q

venule

A

only contains tunica externa and endothelium (NO MUSCLE)

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20
Q

vein

A

has tunica externa, a small tunica media, tunica intima, and endothelium

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21
Q

large vein

A

contain tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima, and endothelium

22
Q

Law of Bulk Flow

A

fluids flow down pressure gradient (from high pressure to low pressure)
Q = (delta)P/R
resistance opposes the flow of fluids

23
Q

what can blood transport?

A
respiratory gases 
nutrients 
waste products 
hormones 
antibodies 
salts/ions
24
Q

Ohm’s Law

25
equation for blood velocity
blood velocity = Q/A
26
where is blood velocity the lowest and cross sectional area the highest?
at the capillary beds
27
right atrium
receives blood from the body via the vena cava
28
superior vena cava
collects blood from the upper body
29
inferior vena cava
collects blood from the lower body
30
right AV valve
separates the right atrium from the right ventricle | aka the tricuspid valve
31
chordate tendineae
connects AV valves to the papillary muscles of the heart
32
semolina valve
separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery
33
pulmonary artery
transports blood to the lungs
34
left atrium
receives blood from the lungs
35
pulmonary veins
carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium
36
mitral valve
separates the left atrium from the left ventricle | aka the bicuspid valve
37
aorta
major artery of the heart | branches blood supply throughout the body
38
aortic semilunar valve
separates the aorta from the left ventricle
39
myocardium
makes up the muscle wall of the heart is much thicker on the left side of the heart thick in ventricles, thin in atria is compact in mammals supplied with its own circulation system via coronary arteries
40
endocardium
lining inside the heart
41
epicardium and parietal pericardium
two layers of pericardium | are separated by a fluid filled sac
42
diastole
relaxation of heart muscle negative pressure blood flows into heart
43
systole
contraction of heart muscle positive pressure blood flows out of the heart
44
SA node
has special characteristics that allow it to fire action potentials intrinsically is the pacemaker of the heart
45
EKG
detects the integrated electrical activity of the whole heart
46
parts of an EKG
P-wave: atrial polarization QRS complex: ventricular depolarization, atrial depolarization T-wave: ventricular depolarization
47
what circulatory structure has the highest blood pressure? which structure has the lowest?
the left ventricle has the highest blood pressure; veins have the lowest
48
mean arterial pressure (MAP)
average blood pressure in the arteries across the cardiac cycle
49
baroreceptors
monitor blood pressure and signal to the cardiovascular control center of the medulla
50
what controls local flow of blood?
the diameter of arterioles