circulatory disturbances

Question 1

microcirculation

Answer 1

small arteries proximal to a capillary bed

Question 2

metaarterioles

Answer 2

arterial cappilaries

Question 3

capollaries

Answer 3

thin, semipermeable vessels that connect arterioles and venules

Question 4

post capillary venules

Answer 4

small vessels that merge to form veins after collecting blood from a capillary network

Question 5

what are the roles of vascular endothelium

Answer 5

• role in hemostasis
• modulates perfusion
• role in inflammation

Question 6

nitric oxide causes

Answer 6

vasodilation

Question 7

endothelin causes

Answer 7

vasoconstriction

Question 8

hemostasis

Answer 8

arrest bleeding by the physiological properties of vasoconstriction and coagulation or by surgical means

Question 9

homeostasis

Answer 9

a tendency to stability in the normal body state

Question 10

interstittum

Answer 10

space between tissue compartments (microcirculation and the cells)

Question 11

extracellular matrix

Answer 11

composed of structural molecules and ground substances

Question 12

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 12

moves fluid out of the vasculature

Question 13

osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)

Answer 13

moves fluid into the vasculature

Question 14

circulatory disturbances consist of

Answer 14

• edema
• hyperemia and congestion
• hemostasis
• hemorrhage
• thrombosis, Embolism and DIC
• Infarction
• shock

Question 15

edema

Answer 15

abnormal accumulation of excess extracellular water in interstitial spaces or in body cavaties

Question 16

generalized edema makes us think three things:

Answer 16

• cardiac failure
• liver disease
• some type of protein loss

Question 17

inflammatory

Answer 17

• increased vascular permeability
• high protein content
• high specific gravity
• increased cells

Question 18

non- inflammatory

Answer 18

• edema of CHF
• edema of liver failure
• transudate
• low protein conten
• low specific gravity
• low cellularity

Question 19

pitting edema

Answer 19

when pressure is applied to an area of edema a depression or dent results as excessive interstitial fluid is forced to adjacent areas

Question 20

hydrothorax

Answer 20

fluid in the thoracic cavity

Question 21

anasarca

Answer 21

generalized edema with profuse accumulation of fluid within the subcutaneous tissue

Question 22

chronic pulmonary edema

Answer 22

• most commonly associated with cardiac failure
• alveolar walls become thickened
• congestion, micro-hemorrhages

Question 23

hyperemia

Answer 23

indicates increase of arteriole-mediated engorgement of the vascular bed. Blood is oxygenated

Question 24

congestion

Answer 24

indicates passive, venous engorgement. Blood is not oxygenated

Question 25

pulmonary congestion

Answer 25

usually the result of heart failure and associated with edema

Question 26

subacute to chronic hepatic congestion is usually the result of

Answer 26

right-sided CHF

Question 27

hemorrhage

Answer 27

is defined as the escape of blood from the blood vessels

Question 28

causes of hemorrhage

Answer 28

- trauma - sepsis, viremia, bacteremia, or toxic conditions - abdominal neoplasia may lead to hemoperitoneum - coagulation abnormalities