irreversible cell injury: necrosis

Question 1

necrosis

Answer 1

term used to describe the range of morphologic changes that occur following cell death in the living animal

Question 2

necrosis is due to what two morphologic appearances

Answer 2

1. denaturation of proteins

2. enzymatic digestion of the cell

Question 3

karyolysis

Answer 3

nuclear fading

Question 4

pyknosis

Answer 4

nuclear shrinkage

Question 5

karyorrhexis

Answer 5

nuclear fragmentation

Question 6

coagulative necrosis

Answer 6

• form of necrosis in which the architecture of dead tissue is preserved (days)
• caused commonly by ischemia

Question 7

infarct

Answer 7

a localized area of coagulative necrosis

Question 8

what are the 5 reasons for discolorations of tissues

Answer 8

• no blood going to the tissue
• infiltration of white blood cells
• infiltration of fat or adipose tissue
• infiltration of fibrous connective tissue
• calcification of the tissue

Question 9

liquefactive necrosis

Answer 9

• necrotic architecture is “liquefy”= liquid
• dead cells are digested
• occurs in tissues with high neutrophil and enzymatic release with digestion of tissue and tissues with high lipid content

Question 10

abscess

Answer 10

a localized collection of pus (liquefied tissue) in a cavity formed by disintegration of tissues surrounded by firbrous connective tissue

Question 11

septic abscess

Answer 11

• the majority

- infection, release of enzymes from WBCs and infectious agents

Question 12

sterile abscess

Answer 12

process caused by nonliving irritants such as drugs

Question 13

caseous necrosis

Answer 13

• cheese like
• friable (crumble) white: area of necrosis
• necrosis debris is dead WBCs

Question 14

what are the causes of caseous necrosis

Answer 14

• mycobacterium
• corynebacterium
• fusobacterium
• fungal infections

Question 15

grangrenous necrosis

Answer 15

• not a specific pattern of cell death but begins mostly as coagulative necrosis
• usually applied to distal extremities

Question 16

dry gangrene

Answer 16

no bacterial superinfection; tissue appears dry

Question 17

wet gangrene

Answer 17

bacterial superinfection has occured; tissue looks wet and liquefactive

Question 18

what are the three types of fat necrosis?

Answer 18

• enzymatic necrosi
• traumatic necrosis of fat
• necrosis of abdominal fat

Question 19

enzymatic necrosis

Answer 19

• a.k.a: pancreatic necrosis of fat

- action of activated pancreatic lipases in “escaped “ pancreatic fluid

Question 20

fibrinoid necrosis

Answer 20

-special form of necrosis usually seen in immune reactions involving blood vessels