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Biology Class 10 ICSE > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Name two non-circulating fluids in our body

A
  1. Synovial fluids - skeletal joints
  2. Vitreous Humour - in eye
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2
Q

Name the three fluids in our body

A
  1. Blood
  2. Lymph
  3. Tissue Fluid
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3
Q

What is the average amount of blood contained in our bodies?

A

5 to 6 Liters of blood

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4
Q

What does the blood produce to kill germs that may have entered the body:

A
  1. Ant-toxins
  2. Antibodies
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5
Q

Sate the two components of blood with their percentage value

A
  1. Plasma - 55-60%
  2. Cellular elements - 40-45%
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6
Q

Name the three cellular elements of Blood

A
  1. Red Blood Cell (Erythrocytes)
  2. White Blood Cell (leukocytes)
  3. Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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7
Q

State the shape of RBCs

A

RBCs are biconcave disc shaped or enucleated disc-shaped

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8
Q

State the function of RBCs

A

To transport respiratory gases throughout the body

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9
Q

State the shape of WBCs

A

Irregular and Nucleated

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10
Q

State he function of WBCs

A

They defend against microbes

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11
Q

Haemoglobin is formed of an iron-containing part _____ and a protein _____

A
  1. Hamelin 2. Globin
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12
Q

Where are RBCs produced in adult humans?

A

Marrow of Long bones, breast bone, ribs and ilium of hip girdle.

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13
Q

Where are RBCs produced in embryos?

A

Liver and Spleen

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14
Q

What is the life span of RBCs?

A

120 days

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15
Q

Where are the RBCs destroyed in the body?

A

In the spleen, liver and bone marrow

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16
Q

What is the abnormal increase in the number of RBCs?

A

Polycythaemia

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17
Q

What is the abnormal decrease in the number of RBCs?

A

Erythropenia

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18
Q

What is Diapedesis?

A

Diapedesis is the process in which white blood cells come out of the blood vessels into the surrounding area in case of injuries. In other words it is the oozing out of WBCs.

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19
Q

Where are the WBCs produced?

A

In the red bone marrow,lymph nodes,liver, spleen.

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20
Q

What is the average life span of WBCs?

A

2 weeks

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21
Q

What is Leukemia? What is its treatment?

A

Leukemia is the cancer of the tissue forming WBCs whose numbers increase manifold at the cost of RBCs. Its treatment is Blood Transfusion.

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22
Q

What is Leukopenia?

A

It is the abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs

23
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis is the engulfing of germs, microorganisms and bacteria by WBCs particularly the neutrophils.

24
Q

What are the two types of WBCs? Categories the sub types as well

A
  1. Granulocytes
    A) Neutrophils
    B) Eosinophils
    C) Basophils
  2. Agranulocytes
    A) Monocytes
    B) Lymphocytes
25
Q

State the shape of Platelets. State their function.

A

They are round or oval shaped. They are responsible for the clotting of blood.

26
Q

Where do Platelets originate from?

A

They originate from Megakaryocytes in the red bone marrow.

27
Q

What is the lie span of platelets and where are they destroyed?

A

Their life span is about 3 to 5 days. They are destroyed in the spleen.

28
Q

What is the scientific erm for clotting of blood?

A

Coagulation

29
Q

What is haemophilia? What happens in Dengue Fever?

A

Haemophilia is aa genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly due to lack of blood clotting proteins. In dengue fever the platelet levels decrease a lot due to which coagulation occurs very slowly.

30
Q

Who discovered the concept of blood grouping?

A

Karl Landsteiner

31
Q

What are the two types of antigens present on the blood cells of humans?

A

Antigen A and Antigen B

32
Q

What are the two methods of Blood grouping?

A
  1. ABO system
  2. Rh system
33
Q

Which blood group is the universal recipient?

A

AB it contains antigen A & B. It contains no antibodies.

34
Q

Which blood group is the universal donor?

A

Blood Group O. It has no antigens.It consists of both antibodies in plasma.

35
Q

What is the double walled membrane which protects the heart?

A

Pericardium. The heart is also surrounded by lubricating fluid which is pericardial fluid protecting from mechanical injuries.

36
Q

What is the other name of heart attack? What is the other name of chest pain?

A
  1. Myocardial Infarction
  2. Angina pectoris. Chest pain due to insufficient blood to heart muscle.
37
Q

What is the other name of Bicuspid Valve and what chambers does it separate?

A

Other name is Mitral Valve. It separates Left atrium and left ventricle.

38
Q

What separates the Right ventricle and left ventricle ?

A

Septum

39
Q

When is the DUP sound created?

A

When the semi lunar valves at the roots of the pulmonary artery and aorta are closed.

40
Q

When is the LUBB sound created?

A

When the Tricuspid and bicuspid valves close with a jerk. Ventricular systole.

41
Q

What is the duration of a full human heart beat?

A

0.85 seconds.

42
Q

What is cardiac cycle?

A

The whole sequence of events in the heart beat is called cardiac cycle.

43
Q

What are the chordae tendinaes?

A

These are the cords which hold the flaps of tricuspid and bicuspid valve.

44
Q

What is SAN? State its function and location.

A

It stands for Sino-atrial node also known as Pacemaker. It is located in the walls of the right auricle near superior vena cava, which gives the impulse for the heartbeat.

45
Q

What does AVN stand for? State its location.

A

It stands for Atrio-ventricular node. It is located near inter-auricular septum near tricuspid valve.

46
Q

What are the fibres that arise from Bundle of HIS?

A

Purkinje Fibres

47
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A
  1. Arteries - they carry blood away from the heart towards any organ
  2. Veins - they carry blood towards the heart away from an organ. (Except- hepatic portal vein)
  3. Capillaries
48
Q

State the functions of Capillaries

A
  1. Allow outward diffusion of oxygen
  2. Inward diffusion of carbon dioxide
  3. Allow leukocytes to perform Diapedesis
49
Q

Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction

A
  • Face turns blue when its cold (decreased blood flow)
  • Face turns red when its hot (increased blood flow)
50
Q

What is a portal vein?

A

A portal vein is one which starts with capillaries and ends with capillaries.

51
Q

What is blood pressure? What is the instrument used to measure blood pressure? What are the two limits to the blood pressure? What level is considered as hypertension?

A

Blood Pressure is the pressure which the blood flowing through arteries exert on the walls.
The two limits are Systolic and Diastolic pressure. The instrument is Sphygmomanometer. Hypertension is caused when bp rises above 140/90.

52
Q

What is the composition of LYMPH?

A
  1. Cellular part - lymphocytes
  2. Non cellular - water and solids such as fats, enzymes, antibodies and carbs.
53
Q

Functions of lymph

A
  1. Defence
  2. Absorption
  3. Drainage
  4. Nutritive
54
Q

What is the spleen? State its functions.

A

The Spleen is a large lymphatic organ. Size- clenched fist. Reddish brown in colour. Situated in the abdomen behind the stomach and the left kidney.
1. It acts like a blood reservoir
2. it produces lymphocytes
3. It destroys worn-out red blood cells.
4. In an embryo, spleen produces RBCs.

Biology Class 10 ICSE (14 decks)

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