Circulatory system

Question 1

What is the circulatory system made up of?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system and lymphatic system

Question 2

What is the cardiovascular system made up of?

Answer 2

Arteriole system, the heart and the venous system

Question 3

What is the lymphatic system made up of?

Answer 3

Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes

Question 4

What are the 4 functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 4

Distribution of gases and other molecules for nutrition, growth and repair
Chemical signalling (hormones)
Thermoregulation
Mediate inflammation and host defence responses

Question 5

Describe the muscular double pump

Answer 5

Systole (contraction)
Diastole (relaxation)

Question 6

Describe pulmonary circulation

Answer 6

From right side of heart to lungs to left side of heart

Question 7

Describe systemic circulation

Answer 7

Left side of heart to capillary beds of organs and tissues to right side of heart

Question 8

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 8

Epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

Question 9

Describe the epicardium layer of heart

Answer 9

Visceral serous pericardium - external layer

Question 10

Describe the myocardium layer of the heart

Answer 10

Cardiac muscle layer - middle layer

Question 11

Describe the endocardium layer of the heart

Answer 11

Continuous with endothelial of blood vessels connecting with the heart - inner layer

Question 12

Name the 4 cardiac valves

Answer 12

Pulmonary valve
Tricuspid valve
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Aortic valve

Question 13

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

Answer 13

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 14

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

Answer 14

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 15

Where is the mitral (bicuspid) valve located?

Answer 15

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 16

Where is the aortic valve located?

Answer 16

Between the left ventricle and the aorta

Question 17

Blood leaving the left ventricle goes into what valve?

Answer 17

Aortic

Question 18

Blood leaving right ventricle goes into what valve?

Answer 18

Pulmonary

Question 19

What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel?

Answer 19

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 20

What is the tunica intima?

Answer 20

Internal layer - endothelium

Question 21

What is the tunica media?

Answer 21

Middle layer - smooth muscle and connective tissue

Question 22

What is tunica adventitia?

Answer 22

External layer - connective tissue

Question 23

What is sympathetic tone?

Answer 23

Background, low level contraction of smooth muscle in arterioles

Question 24

Production of action potentials to arterioles by sympathetic nerves causes what?

Answer 24

Sympathetic tone

Question 25

What is vasodilation?

Answer 25

Relaxation of smooth muscles and widening of lumen - increases blood flow

Question 26

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 26

Contraction of smooth muscle and narrowing of lumen - reduces blood flow

Question 27

What are anastosomes?

Answer 27

Where arteries connect to each other without and intervening capillary network

Question 28

What is the role of anastosomes?

Answer 28

To provide alternative routes for blood flow to supply cells distal to an arterial occlusion

Question 29

What is the name given to each alternative route given by anatosomes?

Answer 29

A collateral

Question 30

What is an end artery?

Answer 30

The only arterial blood supply to a given area of the body

Question 31

What is infarction?

Answer 31

Irreversible cell death due to hypoxia caused by loss of arterial blood supply

Question 32

What does ascending aorta have?

Answer 32

Left and right coronary arteries

Question 33

Where does an ascending aorta supply blood to?

Answer 33

Heart muscle

Question 34

What does the arch of the aorta have?

Answer 34

Branches

Question 35

Where does the arch of the aorta supply blood to?

Answer 35

Upper limbs and head

Question 36

Where does the thoracic aorta supply blood to?

Answer 36

Thorax and abdomen

Question 37

What does the abdominal aorta branch into?

Answer 37

Two common iliac arteries

Question 38

Where does the abdominal aorta supply blood to?

Answer 38

Pelvis and lower limbs

Question 39

What is blood pumped back towards the heart by?

Answer 39

Venous valves Skeletal muscle pump Accompanying veins

Question 40

What system drains venous blood from absorpative parts of GI tract and associated organs to liver for cleaning?

Answer 40

Hepatic portal venous system

Question 41

What system drains venous blood from all the organs and tissues into the superior and inferior vena cava?

Answer 41

Systemic venous system

Question 41

What system drains venous blood from all the organs and tissues into the superior and inferior vena cava?

Answer 41

Systemic venous system

Question 41

What system drains venous blood from all the organs and tissues into the superior and inferior vena cava?

Answer 41

Systemic venous system

Question 42

What is lymph?

Answer 42

Interstitial fluid in the lymphatic vessels