circulatory system Flashcards
Why is the circulatory system important?
It controls the transportation of blood and maintains our body temperature
What does the blood transport?
It circulate nutrients, dissolved gases, wastes, and other chemicals to and from individual cells in an organism
What is temperature control?
Puts out thermal energy to maintain body temperature.
What are the 3 features of the circulatory system?
A fluid that circulates materials through the body, a network of tubes where the fluid flows, and a pump that pushes the fluid.
What is a closed circulatory system?
All Vertebrates have closed circulatory systems. Where the blood is contained in tubes, separated from tissue fluid.
What is a two circuit circulatory system?
Mammals have this, where the circulation to the lungs is separated from the circulation to the rest of the body.
What is blood?
A connective tissue (matrix and cells) Matrix plasma allows 90% water to let proteins, nutrient molecules, minerals, vitamins, oxygen, and CO2 flow. 10% protein controls water volume in the blood stream, lipid transport, contributes to immune response and blood clotting.
What are red blood cells? What is the purpose of them
(erythrocytes) are the most abundant cell type in the blood. Carries oxygen through the body and CO2 to the lungs. They contain hemoglobin, are small, round, and biconcave, which enables them to move through tiny blood vessels and reach the body’s tissue.
What are white blood cells?
Leukocytes, cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious diseases and foreign entities. White blood cells are generally larger than red blood cells.
What are Arteries?
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to body tissues
What are Arterioles?
smallest arteries
What are Capillaries?
even smaller blood vessels in the tissue of the body after an arteriole reaches it.
What is a pulse?
The expansion of the arteries when blood is pumped through them can be felt as a pulse.
How is blood flow controlled?
signals from the nerves regulate the diameter of the arterioles and control blood flow by relaxing or contracting muscle in the arteries and arterioles.
What is Vasodilation?
an increase in the diameter of arterioles that increases the blood flow to tissues
What is Vasoconstriction?
a decrease in the diameter of arterioles that decreases the blood flow to tissues
How is the blood flow controlled in the capillaries?
There is no smooth muscle in the capillaries, so the diameter cannot be controlled by the nervous system. Therefore pre-capillary sphincter muscles contract and relax to control blood flow.
What are venules?
on the other side of the capillary network, merge to form veins
What are veins?
A larger network of tubes that carry deoxygenated blood containing CO2 and other waste products from the body tissues to the heart. The muscles aren’t as strong as the arteries, and the diameter is larger; therefore, the blood pressure is lower.
What do skeletal muscles do?
These muscles help support the veins; they contract to squeeze the veins, pushing the blood back to the heart.
What is the septum?
wall of muscle separating the chambers of the heart
What is the Atrium?
a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body
What are Ventricles?
A chamber of the heart pumps blood to the body. Large chambers fill up with blood. It contracts to pump blood around the body. Arteries expand to accommodate the increased blood pressure. When it relaxes, the arteries’ walls return to their original size, thus pushing the blood further down the vessel.
What is the Systemic circuit?
The left side of the heart receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out through the systemic circuit.
The circulation of blood through the body delivers oxygen, nutrients, and other substances and picks up CO2.
