respiratory system Flashcards
Why do we breath
To supply cells with oxygen
What is the purpose of Aerobic cellular respiration
Uses oxygen to obtain energy from food
What are the 2 functions of Energy in Aerobic respiration
2 functions, 64% is used as thermal energy, 34% stored in ATP.
What is the purpose of ATP and when is it formed
powers all energy-requiring processes like moving, growing, and building new molecules.
Formed when energy from the breakdown of glucose is used to attach a phosphate group (p) onto ADP –> Phosphorylation.
How to get Oxygen explain it and tell me where it occurs
We obtain oxygen from Gas Exchange.
Oxygen diffuses into the body cells and CO2 diffuses out of the body cell. This occurs in the lungs and body cells.
What is the Process of gas exchange
We breathe in air through our lungs, then the alveoli in the lungs diffuses oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out the bloodstream.
What are the 4 key features in the mammalian respiratory structure
Thin permeable respiratory membrane that allows diffusion to occur
Large surface area for gas exchange.
Good supply of blood
Breathing system that lets oxygen in the air to the respiratory membrane
What happens in the Nasal Passage and Mouth as we breath
Air enters the nasal passage. It filters the air using tiny hairs and mucus to trap dust or other particles. The air is also warmed and moistened to prevent damage to the tissues of the respiratory membrane.
After the nasal passage and mouth where does the air then travel too and explain it
The air goes down the Trachea
Air travels into the pharynx, past the opened epiglottis, and into the trachea.
Define the Trachea
a semi-rigid tube of soft tissues wrapped around c-shaped bands of cartilage.
What is purpose of Mucus producing cells
traps dust and particles
What is purpose of Cilia (tiny hair)
sweep trapped things through the trachea to be swallowed
Where does the air go after the Trachea and explain what happens
Into the bronchi
The trachea divides into two bronchi (each connected to a lung. Inside the lung) the bronchi branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles. The tube ends in clusters of tiny sacs called alveoli.
What happens in the alveoli and what are they
They are tiny (150 million per lung)
Each alveoli is surrounded by capillaries. Since the respiratory system is very thin, oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse across the membranes
what is breathing based on
Breathing is based on the principle of negative pressure. As air flows from higher pressure to lower pressure.
What happens when the air pressure in the lungs is lower than the outside air
air will be forced into the lungs
What happens when the air pressure in the lungs is higher than the outside air
air will be forced outside of the lungs
how does ventilation work
The lung is in the thoracic cavity (lined with a thin layer of connective tissue called pleural membrane)
What is the purpose of the Pleural cavity
The space between these membranes is filled with fluid that prevents them from separating.
what is the thoracic cavity seperated from
It is separated from the abdominal cavity (digestive system) by a sheet of muscle called the diaphragm
Describe what happens during Inhalation
Inhalation occurs when the diaphragm contracts and rib muscles contract, increasing thoracic activity and reducing lungs’ pressure, causing air to rush in to equalize pressure.
Describe what happens during Exhalation
During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, as well as the muscles connecting the ribs. The air pressure is now greater than the pressure in the atmosphere, so air is forced outside
What impacts ones lung capacity
Continuous physical activity automatically increases the rate and depth of your breathing.
Total lung volume depends on sex, body type, and lifestyle. Smoking can also affect lung volume.
Define Total Lung Capacity
The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled during a single breath.
