Circulatory System

Question 1

functions of the circulatory system

Answer 1

1. transports o2, waste products (co2) and nutrients (e.g. glucose)
2. prevents blood loss by clotting
3. transports hormones
4. regulates body temp

Question 2

made up of 3 things

Answer 2

1. blood: fluid that flows through system
2. blood vessels: tubes that carry blood
3. heart: the pump that moves blood

Question 3

2 types of circulatory systems

Answer 3

open and closed

Question 4

open ^

Answer 4

blood flows freely though the body cavity and makes direct contact with blood and tissues
- in many invertabrates
- mixes with/ bodily fluids and surrounds cells (mixture is called hemolymph)

Question 5

closed ^

Answer 5

has system to circulate blood, keep under pressure, and pump blood at a speed sufficient to supply the metabolic needs of the body
- in other animals like vertabrates
- keeps blood physically contained in vessels and separated from other body tissues
- blood follows a fixed path of circulation

Question 6

blood flow order

Answer 6

de-o2
1. superior/inferior veina cava
2. right atrium
3. passes tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
4. out the left pulmonary artery
o2
5. in from pulmonary veins
6. left atrium
7. passes mitral valves to left ventricle
8. out aorta

Question 7

blood vessels

Answer 7

arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 8

small arteries

Answer 8

arterioles

Question 9

small veins

Answer 9

venules

Question 10

arteries

Answer 10

carry blood away from heart (carries oxygenates blood, except for pulmonary arteries)
- muscles around arteries can control vessel size and blood flow
- can stand high blood pressure
- largest

Question 11

veins

Answer 11

carries blood towards heart (carries deoxygenated blood)
- smaller than arteries but larger than capillaries
- low pressure
- has VALVES that prevent backflow of blood

Question 12

capillaries

Answer 12

smallest vessels that have thin membranes to allow gas/nutrient exchange
- smallest
- rbc move through single file lol

Question 13

cardiac circulation

Answer 13

movement of blood through heart tissues

Question 14

pulmonary circulation

Answer 14

path that blood flows from heart to LUNGS, back to heart

Question 15

systematic circulation

Answer 15

path that blood flows from heart to BODY, back to heart

Question 16

volume of blood for avrg adult

Answer 16

5L

Question 17

2 portions of blood

Answer 17

fluid and solid

Question 18

fluid portion of blood

Answer 18

plasma
- makes up 55% of volumes
- water with dissolved gases, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals, wasteproducts

Question 19

solid portion of blood

Answer 19

formed portion
- 45% of volume
- rbcs, wbcs, platelets

Question 20

water in blood

Answer 20

dissolves and transports other substances

Question 21

plasma proteins in blood

Answer 21

maintains fluid balance in plasma, cells, and spaces b/w cells
fibronogens help w/ blood clotting
globulins (antibodies) strengthen immunity

Question 22

salts

Answer 22

Maintain fluid balance in plasma cells

Question 23

red blood cells name

Answer 23

erythrocytes

Question 24

rbc function

Answer 24

1. make up 40% volume of blood
2. o2 and some co2 transport: amt depends on # of rbc and hemoglobin present
3. hemoglobin binds w/ o2, rbc binds to hemoglobin

Question 25

white blood cell name

Answer 25

leukocytes

Question 26

wbc function

Answer 26

1. fighting infection 2. have nuclei, colourless 3. types of wbc: BLEMPN

Question 27

phagocytes

Answer 27

attack pathogens by a process called phagocytosis (engulf and destroy)

Question 28

neutrophils

Answer 28

most abundant, found in tissue and blood

Question 29

eosinophils

Answer 29

found in mucous lining of digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 30

basophils

Answer 30

aid immunity by secreting substances that attract phagocytes

Question 31

lymphocytes

Answer 31

produce proteins called antibodies

Question 32

monocytes

Answer 32

circulate bloodstream for a few days, becomes macrophages that destroy bacteria

Question 33

platelets function

Answer 33

membrane bound fragments that form when larger cells in bone marrow break apart - clots blood - no nuclei

Question 34

how blood clots

Answer 34

1. blood vessel breaks and releases chemicals to attract platelets 2. platelets rupture and release chemicals in plasma to produce thromboplastin 3. when calcium ions are present, thromboplastin rxn with prothrombin to make thrombin 4. thrombin rxn with fibronogen to prod. fibrin

Question 35

where does the lub dub sound in heart come from

Answer 35

closing of heart valves 1. lub: tricuspid and bicuspid valves close and pulmonary and aortic valves open -> pushed blood out of heart 2. dub: pulmonary and aortic valves close and ^ open -> blood flows from atria to ventricles

Question 36

what happens if valves dont completely close

Answer 36

heart murmur occurs

Question 37

cardiac output

Answer 37

the amt of blood pumped by your heart - measured in mL/mm - Measure of O2 delivery to the body

Question 38

factors used to calc cardiac output

Answer 38

1. heart rate (bpm) 2. stroke volume (amt of blood pumped w/ every beat)

Question 39

what affects stroke volume

Answer 39

distanceability/stretchiness of ventricles