Diversity - Protista

Question 1

plant like protists

Answer 1

• can be unicellular or multicellular
• classifies based on type of chlorophyll
• usually asexual reprod, but can reprod. sexually during times of stress

Question 2

algae

Answer 2

can photosynthesize, producers –> basis of food chains, can convert solar energy into glucose

Question 3

types of multicelluar algae

Answer 3

green algae, red algae, brown algae

Question 4

green algae

Answer 4

• most abundant
• unicellular or multicellular
• freshwater or marine
• ancestor to land plants (same type of chlorophyll, cell walls have cellulose, store food as starch)

Question 5

brown algae

Answer 5

• largest = kelp (60m long)
• multicellular
• marine
• has gas bladders holding it up to see sunlight
• no true leaves or roots, but have “anchors”

Question 6

red algae

Answer 6

• deepest algae (400m down)
• multicellular
• green chlorophyll, but have specialized chlorophyll (a&d, phycoerythrin) that absorbs violet light
• used in cosmetics and paint, also in agar (thickens food like ice cream)

Question 7

unicellular algae types

Answer 7

diatoms, dinoflagellates, euglenoids

Question 8

diatoms

Answer 8

• type of phytoplankton
• cell wall made of 95% silica
• can switch b/w sexual and asexual reprod.

Question 9

dinoflagellates

Answer 9

• many are phytoplankton
• unicellular
• marine
• move w/ 2 flagella, spiinnnnnn
• Large populations cause red tide

Question 10

symbiotic forms of dinoflagellates

Answer 10

• living inside coral
• benefit by using nitrogen waste and co2 from coral
• coral gains sugar prod. from photosynthesis

Question 11

coral bleaching

Answer 11

results in the death of coral, occurs when ocean temps rise from 0.4 to 2 degrees, protists are expelled

Question 12

euglenoids

Answer 12

• move using flagella
• can be autotroph or heterotroph
• unicellular
• freshwater

Question 13

animal like protists

Answer 13

• unicellular heterotrophs
• asexual reprod by mitosis, but can also be sexual (incr. genetic diversity)
• classified based on movement
• also called protozoa
• found in water

Question 14

movements of animal like protists

Answer 14

flagella (long hair), cilia (short hair), pseudopodia (arm-like projections), some cant move

Question 15

flagellates

Answer 15

• move using one or more long flagella
• heterotroph

Question 16

mutualism

Answer 16

trichonympha = flagellates and termites
- share a mutualistic relationship
- flagellates consume wood particles and break down cellulose into glucose (which are then fermented)
- termites can then use broken down particles as a source of energy, while flagellates recieve a steady supply of food and a good environment

Question 17

parasitism

Answer 17

trypanosomes = flagellates and african sleeping sickness
- when fly bites human, parasite reproduces and spreads in persons blood and spinal fluid
- patient then becomes dizzy, falls into a coma, and dies :p

Question 18

ciliates

Answer 18

ex. paramecium
- move using hundreds of cilia that beat in a coordinated rhythm
- cilia also used to sweep food into organism
- common to freshwater

Question 19

sarcodines

Answer 19

pseudopodia guys (e.g. amoeba)
- prod. limb like extensions called pseudopodia
- pseudopodia surrond prey and digested inside organism
- parasitic amoebae cases dysentery (feeds on gut lining of humans)

Question 20

sporozoans

Answer 20

cannot move, parasites of animals (e.g. malaria)
- can prod. spores and can alternate b/w sexual and asexual reprod.
- parasitism = plasmodium
- malaria: mosquito feeds on infected person by ingesting reproductive cells of parasite (in RBC), then invade the mosquitos salivary glands. when mosquito bites person, sporozoites reprod. asexually in liver