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SBI3U > Diversity - Final > Flashcards

Diversity - Final Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

eukaryote

A

has nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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2
Q

prokaryote

A

no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

bacteria

A

single celled prokaryotes surrounded by a peptidoglycan cell wall
- most are pathogenic
- live almost everywhere

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4
Q

peptidoglycan

A

makes up cell wall of bacteria, is a complex sugar

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5
Q

bacillus

A

rod shaped bacteria
- can be a chain, flagellate, or spore formare

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6
Q

spirillum

A

spiral-shaped bacteria

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7
Q

coccus

A

round shaped bacteria
-know sketches of diplococcus, streptococcus and staphylococcus

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8
Q

gram stain

A

test to check for bacterial infections

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9
Q

binary fission

A

asexual reproduction where a single parent cell splits into 2 daughter cells

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10
Q

conjugation

A

under times of stress, dna can be exchanged between 2 bacterial cells which results in new genetic info

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11
Q

plasmid

A

carries genes like resistance to antibiotic. can be passed on during conjugation

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12
Q

endospore

A

resistant asexual spore that develops inside bacteria

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13
Q

antibacterial

A

preventing growth of bacteria

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14
Q

antibiotic

A

chemical substances that inhibit growth or kill bacteria

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15
Q

archaea

A

oldest group of living organisms that live in extreme conditions
- many are anaeorbic
- not pathogenic

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16
Q

extremophile

A

archaea that thrive in extreme conditions

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17
Q

thermophile

A

thrive in hot springs and volcanoes

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18
Q

halophile

A

thrive in very salty water/land

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19
Q

methanogens

A

thrive in sewage pits

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20
Q

endosymbiotic theory

A
  1. ancestral eukaryote consumes aerobic bacteria that evolved into mitochondria
  2. descendatn consumer photosynthetic bacteria that evolved into chloroplast
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21
Q

mutualism

A

association b/w oganisms of 2 different species that benefit both of them

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22
Q

parasitism

A

association b/w orgnaisms where one specices harms the other for its survival

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23
Q

commensalism

A

association b/w 2 organisms in which one benefits and the other is unaffected

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24
Q

protista

A

diverse group that is similar but not classified as fungi, plantae, nor animmalia
- most are single celled

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25
protozoa
animal like protists
26
flaggelates
move using one or more long flagella (hairs)
27
ciliates
move using hundreds of cilia (short hairs) that beat in a coordinated rhythm - also used to sweep food particles into organism
28
sarcodines (amoeba)
move using limblike extensions called pseudopodia
29
sporozoans
cant move and can be parasitic to animals
30
green algae
most abundant algae and is possibly the ancestor to land plants (same chlorophyll and cell wall, and food storage)
31
brown algae
largest algae, has gas bladders to hold algae upright and has anchors (but no true roots or leaves)
32
red algae
deepest algae, only needs blue-violet wavelengths
33
diatoms
type of phytoplankton thats unicellular, freshwater and marine - made of 95% silica - both sexual and asexual reprod
34
dinoflaggelate
phytoplankton, unicellular and marine - can move with 2 flagella - can cause the red tide which uses up oxygen in water and adds toxins ot shellfish
35
euglena
mix of plant and animal like protists - move using flagella - can be everything (e.g. producers, autotrophs
36
plasmodial slime molds
slug-like organisms that creep over decaying material in forests and fields - contains many nuclei - feed by eating small particles into their cytoplasm
37
mold
individual amoeboid cells that have one nucleus - ingest bacteria or yeast cells -reproduce by forming plasmopodium
38
water molds
threadlike organisms that resemble fungi - some are parasitic by extending threads into host tissue and absorb their nutrients - reproduce spores that have flagella
39
fungi
eukaryotic cells surrounded by a chitin cell wall - has vacuoles but no chlorophylll
40
chitin
used to form cell wall of fungi, and exoskeleton of insects and crustaeceans
41
saprotroph
organism that feeds on decaying matter
42
hyphae
branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus -some are seperated by a septum
43
mycelium
branching underground network made from the hyphae
44
fruiting body
the part above ground and where spores are formed
45
spore
single celled reproductive unit to give rise to a new organism without sexual reproduction
46
extracellular digestion
fungi feeding method, release digestive enzymes from hyphae to liquify organism
47
budding
yeast produces small buds that are identical to the parent
48
fragmentation
small part of the mycelium that breaks off and forms a new individual
49
sac fungi
phylum: ascomycota - largest group of fungi - breaking down wood and bone as a source of nutrition - ex. yeast
50
imperfect fungi
phylum: deuteromycota - asexual reproduction - ex. pencillium to make penicillin - ex. blue mold to make blue cheese
51
club fungi
phylum: basidiomycota - parasites of some plants - short lived fruitbodies that release spores (sexual) - ex. mushrooms
52
zygospore fungi
phylum: zygomycota - common molds - spores are called zygospores and remain dormant until conditions are favourable for growth - ex. bread or water mold
53
chytrids
phylum: chytridomycota - unicellular and aquatic - spores have flagella - marine and freshwater - can be parasites or live on dead or decaying organisms
54
lichens
composite organisms: forms depending on relationships between different species - can live in harsh environments - important food source for animals - used as natural dye to color wool and make litmus paper
55
animalia
- multicellular and eukaryotic cells - reproduce sexually - heterotrophs - motile during some stage of life - respond to external stimuli
56
radial symmetry
body parts are arragned in a cetnral axis so that more than 1 imaginary plane results in mirror images (will be symmetrical no matter where its cut)
57
bilateral symmetry
body parts arranged with the front and back, tops and bottoms, etc. (only 1 line of symmetry)
58
ectoderms
outermost layer of cells of an embryo (epidermis, nerve tissues)
59
endoderm
innermost layer of an embryo (gut lining)
60
mesoderm
middle layer of embryo between endo and ectoderm - muscles and blood
61
2 layers organisms
have ectoderms and endoderms only
62
3 layered organisms
have ectoderms, mesoderms, and endoderms
63
porifera
sponges: 1. some radial symmetry 2. no tissues and organs 3. non motile as adults 4. 2 layers
64
cnidaria
jellyfish, corals, anemones: 1. 2 layers 2. some radial symmetry 3. has nervous and muscular system
65
platyhelminthes
flatworms and tapeworms: 1. 3 layers 2. bilateral symmetry 3. specialized tissues 4. no digestive system 5. can be predators or parasites
66
nematoda
roundworms: 1. 3 layers 2. bilateral symmetry 3. body has a cuticle 4. many are parasitic
67
annelida
segmented worms: 1. 3 layers 2. bilateral symmetry 3. gasses diffuse thru skin 4. has all systems but respiratory amd skeletal
68
mollusca
slugs, snails, molluscs, octopus: 1. 3 layers 2. bilateral 3. soft bodies 4. has tentacles 5. all systems but sensory
69
echinodermata
sea stars and sea cucumbers: 1. 3 layers 2. ALL radial symmetry 3. no head or brain 4. no respiratory and circulatory system 5. gasses and waste diffuse thru membranes of feet
70
arthropoda
insects, spiders, scorpions, crabs: 1. 3 layers 2. bilateral 3. have exoskeleton of chitin 4. segmented legs 5. most diverse group
71
chordata (phylum)
characterized by a notochord, all skeleton surronds the spinal cord - fish amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals - 50 000 species
72
agnata
most primitive and has gills but no jaws - invasive in great lakes - parasitic to larger fish - ex. hagfish, lamprey eels
73
chondrichthyes
no bony skeleton but have paired fins and jaws - marine - internal fertilization - scavengers and predators - ex. sharks, rays, skates
74
osteichthyes
jawed fish with scales with paired fins and nostrils - external fertilization - can be herbivores when young and mature to carnivores - has a swim bladder to control fish-bouyancy - ex. salmon, bass
75
amphibia
skeleton made of bone and cartilage, undergoes metamorphasis

SBI3U (11 decks)

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