Circulatory System

Question 1

What does NVB stand for?

Answer 1

Neurovascular bundle

Question 2

A “common” artery will..?

Answer 2

Definitely divide again

Question 3

Arteries are usually ___more superficial / deeper?____ than veins

Answer 3

deeper

Question 4

Smooth muscle in arterioles allows?

Answer 4

Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

Question 5

Arteries have sympathetic tone - what dat?

Answer 5

Tonic low level vasoconstriction due to background, low level Ups by sympathetic nerves

Question 6

What defines a great vessel?

Answer 6

Directly connected to the heart chambers

Question 7

The ascending aorta has two branches which are?

Answer 7

Right coronary artery

Left coronary artery

Question 8

What are the branches of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 8

Braciocephalic trunk
Left subclavian artery
Left common carotid artery

Question 9

What supplies the head, neck and upper limb?

Answer 9

Braciocephalic - branches into right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
Left common carotid
Left subclavian artery

Question 10

What is the blood supply to the brain?

Answer 10

Vertebral artery
Internal and external carotid artery
Right common carotid artery

Question 11

What is the circle of Willis made of?

Answer 11

Right internal carotid
Basilar (formed by union of 2 vertebral arteries)
Right vertebral
Left vertebral
Left internal carotid artery

Question 12

What is the most proximal part of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 12

The carotid sinus

Question 13

What is the function of the carotid sinus?

Answer 13

Uses baroreceptors to sense BP

Question 14

What innervates the carotid sinus?

Answer 14

Glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX

Question 15

What is the function of the carotid body?

Answer 15

Monitors blood gas/pH levels

Question 16

What innervates the carotid body?

Answer 16

CN IX

Question 17

What makes up the blood brain barrier?

Answer 17

Tight junctions between brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocyte processes surrounding brain capillaries

Question 18

What is the function of the BB?

Answer 18

Prevents diffusion of some substances from capillary to brain tissue

Question 19

What is an anastamoses?

Answer 19

Arteries connect with each other without intervening capillary

Question 20

What is the purpose of an anastamosis?

Answer 20

Provide alternate route for blood flow to supply cells distal to an arterial occlusion

Question 21

What is an end artery?

Answer 21

only arterial blood supply to a territory

Question 22

Untreated occlusion of an end artery results in?

Answer 22

Infarction of its territory

Question 23

What is infarction?

Answer 23

Irreversible cell death due to hypoxia caused by loss of arterial blood supply

Question 24

What is the basic upper limb supply?

Answer 24

Left subclavian becomes the axially artery becomes brachial artery which bifurcates into the left radial and left ulnar artery

Question 25

What are the branches of the thoracic aorta?

Answer 25

``` Braciocephalic trunk Coronary arteries Bilateral posterior intercostal arteries Abdominal aorta Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery Anterior branches: bronchial, oesophageal, mediastinal and phrenic arteries ```

Question 26

The abdominal aorta branches into?

Answer 26

Iliac arteries | External iliac and internal iliac arteries

Question 27

The external iliac artery supplies?

Answer 27

The lower limbs

Question 28

Th internal iliac arteries supply?

Answer 28

The pelvis/perinuem

Question 29

Vein don't have pulsatile flow except for the?

Answer 29

JVP

Question 30

Venous blood is pumped to the hear using?

Answer 30

Venous valves Contraction of smooth muscle Reun in pairs with arteries in a sheath: arterial pulsation pushes blood along

Question 31

Superficial veins drain into ________

Answer 31

deep veins

Question 32

What are the two venous systems?

Answer 32

Hepatic portal venous system | Systemic venous system

Question 33

What is the function of the hepatic portal venous system?

Answer 33

Drains venous blood from absorptive parts of the GIT and associated organs to the liver for 'cleaning'

Question 34

What is the function of the systemic venous system?

Answer 34

Drains all other organs (including the liver) and tissues into the SVC/IVC

Question 35

Lymphatic capillaries collect?

Answer 35

Tissues fluid (then called lymph)

Question 36

Lymphatics carry lymph thorugh to?

Answer 36

Lymph nodes

Question 37

Lymph nodes contain? Why?

Answer 37

White blood cells to filter out foreign pathogens and fifth infection/cancer

Question 38

Lymph eventually returns to central veins in the root of the neck at?

Answer 38

Venous angles

Question 39

The right lymphatic duct drains into?

Answer 39

The right venous angle

Question 40

The thoracic duct drains into?

Answer 40

The left venous angle

Question 41

The lymph nodes are only palpable if?

Answer 41

Fighting infection/cancer