Upper GI Tract

Question 1

What is the GI tract

Answer 1

Continous tube from the oral cavity to the anus

Question 2

What lines the GI tract?

Answer 2

Mucosa (epithelium + lamina propria)

Question 3

What are the components of the GI Tract? (6)

Answer 3

Head: Oral Cavity/Pharynx
Neck: Pharynx Oesophagus
Chest: Oesophagus 
Abdomen: Stomach / SI / LI (most)
Pelvis: Rectum / Anal canal
Perineum: Anus

Question 4

What are the functions of the oral cavity in the GI tract? (4)

Answer 4

Sensing, salivation, chewing, initiating swallowing

Question 5

What are the functions of the pharynx in the GI tract? (3)

Answer 5

Defence against infection (tonsils)
Swallowing
Airway protection

Question 6

What is the function of the oesophagus in the GI tract?

Answer 6

Transit from pharynx to stomach

Question 7

What are the functions of the stomach & small intestine in the GI tract?

Answer 7

Transit, defence against infection (acid), digestion & abosrption

Question 8

What are the functions of the Large Intestine and Anus in the GI tract? (4)

Answer 8

Transit, reabsorption of water & electrolytes, stool formation, waste excretion

Question 9

What makes up the Upper GI tract? (5)

Answer 9

Oral cavity
Pharynx 
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine

Question 10

What makes up the Lower GI tract? (6)

Answer 10

Caecum
Appendix
Colon
Rectum
Anal canal
Anus

Question 11

What divides the upper and lower GI tract?

Answer 11

Ileocecal junction

Question 12

What are the (5) dangers that can prevent solids & liquids passing safely into and out of our stomachs? And which adaptations try to prevent these?

Answer 12

1. Poison - taste buds (on epiglottis)
2. Sharp or excessively hot/cold substances - sensory receptors
3. Bacteria/Viruses, etc. - saliva, tonsils, stomach acid
4. Obstruction - chewing, lubrication, swallowing, peristalsis
5. Aspiration - cough reflex

Question 13

Which are the muscles of mastication (4 at each TMJ)?

Answer 13

Masseter, Temporalis, Lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid

Question 14

The medial pterygoid _____ the massester

Answer 14

mimics

Question 15

The lateral pterygoid attaches to the _______ and pulls the bone to open the mouth

Answer 15

sphenoid bone

Question 16

What allows for grinding of food?

Answer 16

Isolated movement of the muscles of mastication on either side

Question 17

Which muscle of facial expression prevents drooling?

Answer 17

Oribicularis Oris - circular muscle surrounding the most

Lays within lips

Question 18

The oral cavity is lined internally with _____ which has a ___________ for protection

Answer 18

mucosa

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

Where is keratin present in the oral cavity? (2)

Answer 19

Gingivae and hard palate

Question 20

What is meant by ‘general sensation’? (4)

Answer 20

Pain
Touch
Temperature
Proprioception

Question 21

The oral cavity is one of the _____ sensitive areas?

Answer 21

most

Question 22

The tongue is made from______ and covered in_____

Answer 22

skeletal muscle

mucosa

Question 23

How many different types of papilla does the dorm of the tongue carry?

Answer 23

4

Question 24

What gives the tongue a rough appearance?

Answer 24

The papilla (finger-like structure)

Question 25

What is the function of the papillae? (3)

Answer 25

To give surface texture and aid food manipulation | some concerned with taste

Question 26

The tongue is divided into which two parts?

Answer 26

Posterior (1/3rd) - vertical part | Anterior (2/3rds) - horizontal part

Question 27

Which muscles make up the tongue?

Answer 27

``` Extrinsic muscles (4 pairs) - attach tongue to bony skeleton and move tongue around Intrinsic muscle (4 paris) - change shape of tongue during function ```

Question 28

What is the function of the Buccinator muscle?

Answer 28

Aids in manipulation of food to position nit between occlusal (biting) surfaces of the teeth

Question 29

Where is the occlusal surface?

Answer 29

Where the upper and lower jaw connect

Question 30

Patients are very _____ to changes in their occlusion

Answer 30

sensitive