Circulatory System

Question 1

Whole blood consists of:

Answer 1

55% plasma and 45% formed elements

Question 2

Formed elements:

Answer 2

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Question 3

How are formed elements produced?

Answer 3

From stem cells in red bone marrow

Question 4

Erythrocytes:

Answer 4

Modified for transport of oxygen (oxygen binds to hemoglobin)

Question 5

Leukocytes:

Answer 5

Active in phagocytosis (neutrophils and monocytes) and antibody formation (lymphocytes)

Question 6

Platelets:

Answer 6

Active in the process of blood clotting

Question 7

Plasma contains:

Answer 7

10% proteins, ions, nutrients, waste products, and hormones

Question 8

The circulatory system is associated with:

Answer 8

Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, ions, and fluids throughout the body, as well as removal of metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide and urea)

Question 9

Blood is supplied to the heart muscle/myocardium:

Blood is drained from the heart muscle/myocardium:

Answer 9

Via coronary arteries

Directly into the right atrium through the coronary sinus

Question 10

What initiates the heart’s intrinsic beat?

Answer 10

• Sinoatrial node and is transmitted along a conduction system through the myocardium
• This is what is measured on an ECG

Question 11

Cardiac cycle:

Answer 11

Period from the end of one ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction

Question 12

Contraction phase:

Relaxation phase:

Answer 12

Systole

Diastole

Question 13

Arteries:
Veins:

Answer 13

Carry blood away from the heart under high pressure (thicker and more elastic)
Carry blood toward the heart under low pressure (thinner and less elastic)

Question 14

Vascular system includes:

Answer 14

Veins, arteries, and capillaries

Question 15

Capillaries:

Answer 15

Smallest of vessels where the exchanges of water, nutrients, and waste products take place between blood and surrounding tissues

Question 16

Arterioles:

Answer 16

Smallest arteries

Question 17

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation results from:

Answer 17

Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in arterial walls

Question 18

Deflections of the ECG represent:

Answer 18

The electrical activity that precedes the contraction-relaxation events of the myocardium

Question 19

Where are the pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors (specialized sensory nerves that assist with the regulation of circulation and respiration) located?

Answer 19

Carotid body

Question 20

3 layers of tissue in the heart from outermost to innermost:

Answer 20

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 21

Tricuspid valve:

Answer 21

(or right AV valve) prevents back flow into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts

Question 22

Pulmonary semilunar valve:

Answer 22

Prevents blood from entering the right ventricle

Question 23

Bicuspid valve:

Answer 23

(or left AV valve) prevents blood from entering the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts

Question 24

Aortic semilunar valve:

Answer 24

Prevents back flow of blood into the left ventricle as it leaves through the aorta

Question 25

P wave represents:

Answer 25

Atrial depolarization

Question 26

QRS interval represents:

Answer 26

Ventricle depolarization

Question 27

ST segment and T wave represent:

Answer 27

Ventricle repolarization

Question 28

Walls of all blood vessels (except capillaries) consist of 3 layers:

Answer 28

From innermost to outmost: tunica intima tunica media (thickest layer) tunica adventitia

Question 29

Neutrophils:

Answer 29

- Attack and destroy bacteria and viruses | - Most abundant

Question 30

Eosinophils:

Answer 30

Fight against parasitic infections

Question 31

Basophils:

Answer 31

Respond to histamine-releasing allergens

Question 32

Monocytes:

Answer 32

Macrophages that engulf and destroy foreign material in the body

Question 33

Lymphocytes:

Answer 33

Infection-fighting antibodies

Question 34

Which organs are involved with the immune system? (4)

Answer 34

Appendix, spleen, thymus, Peyer's patches

Question 35

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are a collection of WBC known as?

Answer 35

Granulocytes

Question 36

Yellow bone marrow is responsible for?

Answer 36

Maintaining an environment that allows bone to function

Question 37

Reb bone marrow is responsible for?

Answer 37

Obliterating old RBC and forming new ones

Question 38

What carries blood away from the body in order to exchange nutrients, oxygen, and waste with tissues?

Answer 38

Capillaries

Question 39

Hepatic:

Answer 39

Relating to the liver

Question 40

Y or T-shaped cells that originate in bone marrow and makes proteins known as antibodies:

Answer 40

B-lymphocytes

Question 41

Arteries have ______ walls and ______ lumen.

Answer 41

Thick and small

Question 42

Double layer membrane that surrounds the heart:

Answer 42

Pericardium