Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of skeletal muscle: (7)

Answer 1

Support
Movement
Blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)
Protection of internal organs
Detoxification (removal of poisons)
Provision for muscle attachment
Mineral storage (phosphorus and calcium)

Question 2

Irregular epiphysis is composed of:

Where is it found?

Answer 2

Spongy (cancellous) bone

At the end of long bones

Question 3

Shaft/diaphysis is composed of:

Answer 3

Compact bone

Question 4

Axial skeleton consists of:

Answer 4

Skull, vertebral column, twelve ribs, and sternum

Question 5

Skull is comprised of:

Answer 5

• 14 facial bones (including 6 paired bones/ossicles of ear)

- 14 cranial vault bones

Question 6

Facial bones include:

Answer 6

2 nasal bones
2 maxillary bones
2 zygomatic bones
2 palatine bones
2 lacrimal bones
2 inferior nasal conchae 
1 mandible
1 vomer

Question 7

Bones of the cranium:

single and paired

Answer 7

Single 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Occipital
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

Paired
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Parietal
Temporal
Ossicles of ear (malleus, incus, stapes)

Question 8

Vertebral column consists of ( in order from superior to inferior):

Answer 8

7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
5 sacral vertebrae
Coccygeal vertebrae (tailbone)

Question 9

Upper portion of the appendicular skeleton consists of:

Answer 9

Pectoral/shoulder girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Upper extremity

Question 10

Bones of the arms consists of:

Answer 10

Humerus
Radius and ulna
Carpals (wrist bones)
Metacarpals (hand bones)
Phalanges (finger bones)

Question 11

Lower portion of the appendicular skeleton consists of:

Answer 11

Pelvic girdle/ os coxae

Question 12

Os coxae consists of:

Answer 12

Fused ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 13

Bones of the lower extremity include:

Answer 13

Femur (thigh bone)
Fibula and tibia 
Tarsals (ankle bones)
Metatarsals (foot bones)
Phalanges (toe bones)

Question 14

Facts about skeletal muscle:

Answer 14

• Attaches to bones by tendons
• Muscle contraction helps keeps the body warm
• Skeletal muscles continuously contract to maintain posture

Question 15

Bones are classified by shape:

Answer 15

Long, short, flat, sesamoid, and irregular

Question 16

Spongy bone (cancellous):

Answer 16

Found at ends of long bones

Consists of trabeculae where red bone marrow is found that produces blood cells

Question 17

3 types of bone cells:

Answer 17

Osteoblasts
Osteocyte
Osteoclasts

Question 18

Osteoblasts:

Answer 18

• Take calcium from the blood
• Produce the matrix that forms compact bone
• Mature into osteocyte

Question 19

Osteocyte:

Answer 19

• Most abundant bone cell

- Maintain matrix by recycling calcium salts

Question 20

Osteoclasts:

Answer 20

Secrete acid and digestive enzymes that break bone down and return calcium to the blood

Question 21

3 types of cartilage:

Answer 21

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 22

Synarthrosis:

Answer 22

Immovable joint

Question 23

Amphiarthrosis:

Answer 23

Slightly movable joint

Question 24

Diarthrosis:

Answer 24

Freely movable joint

Question 25

Periosteum:

Answer 25

A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones and serves as attachment for tendons and muscles

Question 26

Sound is transduced into neural signals in which region of the inner ear?

Answer 26

The cochlear region

Question 27

Information about balance is transduced into neural signals in which region of the inner ear?

Answer 27

Vestibular region

Question 28

What is the purpose of the malleus, incus, and stapes?

Answer 28

Transfer sound vibrations to the inner ear from the ear drum

Question 29

The middle ear's Eustachian tube is responsible for?

Answer 29

Equalizing pressure

Question 30

What is the central cavity of the cochlea in the inner ear which contains sound-transducing neurons?

Answer 30

Cochlear duct

Question 31

Head position is sensed by which location of the inner ear?

Answer 31

Utricle and saccule

Question 32

Which pairs of skill bones are shaped like curved rectangles?

Answer 32

Parietal bones

Question 33

Found in the inner ear and is responsible for sense of equilibrium:

Answer 33

Otolithic membrane

Question 34

Inner ear is often described as: Operates:

Answer 34

"Bony labyrinth" Sense of balance

Question 35

Most visible part of the ear:

Answer 35

Pinna

Question 36

Bone that contains a meatus is a:

Answer 36

Bone with a tube-like opening

Question 37

Fovea is a small depression in the middle of the eye's macula that does what?

Answer 37

Provides the clearest vision

Question 38

Macula:

Answer 38

Gives central vision

Question 39

Lens:

Answer 39

Focuses light on the back of the eye

Question 40

Retina:

Answer 40

Converts light into electrical impulses