Circulatory System and Blood

Question 1

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

To transport substances around the body including oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

Question 2

What are the main components of the circulatory system?

Answer 2

Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood.

Question 3

What type of circulatory system do humans have?

Answer 3

A double circulatory system.

Question 4

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 4

Blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit - once to the lungs and once to the body.

Question 5

What are the two circuits in the double circulation?

Answer 5

Pulmonary circulation (heart to lungs) and systemic circulation (heart to body).

Question 6

How many chambers does the human heart have?

Answer 6

Four chambers - two atria and two ventricles.

Question 7

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

Answer 7

Atria (singular: atrium).

Question 8

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

Answer 8

Ventricles.

Question 9

Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?

Answer 9

The right side.

Question 10

Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?

Answer 10

The left side.

Question 11

What prevents blood flowing backwards in the heart?

Answer 11

Heart valves.

Question 12

What is systole?

Answer 12

When the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood out.

Question 13

What is diastole?

Answer 13

When the heart muscle relaxes and fills with blood.

Question 14

What is blood pressure?

Answer 14

The pressure of blood against the walls of blood vessels.

Question 15

What are arteries?

Answer 15

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 16

What are veins?

Answer 16

Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.

Question 17

What are capillaries?

Answer 17

Tiny blood vessels where exchange of substances occurs.

Question 18

How are arteries adapted for their function?

Answer 18

Thick muscular walls, elastic fibres, small lumen, high pressure.

Question 19

How are veins adapted for their function?

Answer 19

Thin walls, valves to prevent backflow, large lumen, low pressure.

Question 20

How are capillaries adapted for their function?

Answer 20

One cell thick walls for easy diffusion, very small diameter, large surface area.

Question 21

What is the largest artery in the body?

Answer 21

The aorta.

Question 22

What are the coronary arteries?

Answer 22

Arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood.

Question 23

What is the composition of blood?

Answer 23

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 24

What is plasma?

Answer 24

The liquid part of blood, mainly water with dissolved substances.

Question 25

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 25

To carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues.

Question 26

How are red blood cells adapted for carrying oxygen?

Answer 26

Biconcave shape, no nucleus, contain haemoglobin.

Question 27

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 27

A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen.

Question 28

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 28

To defend the body against pathogens and disease.

Question 29

What are platelets?

Answer 29

Small cell fragments that help blood clot.

Question 30

What is blood clotting?

Answer 30

The process where blood changes from liquid to solid to seal wounds.