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Anatomy 32 > Circulatory System: Blood Lecture > Flashcards

Circulatory System: Blood Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Circulatory System consist of?

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

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2
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Circulatory System?

A

Transport, Protection, and Regulation

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3
Q

Describe the Transport aspect of the Circulatory System.

A
  • Carries Oxygen from lungs to all body tissues
  • Transport CO2 from tissue to lungs to be removed
  • Moves nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells
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4
Q

Describe the Protection aspect of the Circulatory System.

A
  • Prevents blood loss through clotting
  • Contains white blood cells and antibodies for bodily defense
  • Preforms inflammation: limits infection spread
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5
Q

Describe the Regulation aspect of the Circulatory System.

A

Balances fluid levels, pH, and temperture
- Maintains fluid balance and distribution in the body
- Stabilize pH by buffering acids and bases
- Maintains body temp by routing blood to necessary places

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6
Q

What are the components that make up blood?

A
  • Plasma (55% of blood)
    Formed Elements:
  • Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
  • Leukocytes (white blood cells)
  • Platelets
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7
Q

What are the 3 Proteins in Plasma? What are their percentages?

A

Albumin (60%)

Golbulins (36%)
- Alpha Golbulins
- Beta Golbulins

Fibrinogen (4%)

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8
Q

What composes Plasma?

A

Mostly water (92%)

  • Proteins: Alhumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen
  • Nutrients: Glucose, Amino Acids, Lactic Acid, Lipids
  • Electrolytes: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl
  • Nitrogenous Wastes: Urea
  • Hormones
  • Gases: Oxygen. CO2, and Nitrogen
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9
Q

Form and Function of Erythocytes

A

Red Blood Cell: Carries gases
- Carries O2 and CO2

  • Discord shape
  • Lack nucelus and any organelles (instead carries millions of hemoglobin molecules)
  • Most abundent formed element
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10
Q

What is the structure of a hemogoblin?

A
  • 4 protein chains called globins are attached to a heme group for each one (2 Alpha and 2 Beta chains)
  • four globin chains and four heme groups
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11
Q

What is the function of a Hemoglobin?

A
  • Each hemogoblin carries 4 oxygen molecules
  • Hemogoblin is an protein that carries oxygen in RBC
  • Ions in center of hemogoblin bind oxgyen
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12
Q

What is plasma?

A

Clear, extracellular fluid (matrix)

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13
Q

What is Serum?

A

Identical to plasma except for the absence of the clotting protein fibrinogen

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14
Q

What is plasma without solids and clots present?

A

Blood serum

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15
Q

What determines a person’s blood type

A

Glycolipids that act as antigens on the surface of red blood cells

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16
Q

What is Erythropoiesis?

A

Production of specifically red blood cells

Only one aspect of Hemopoiesis

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17
Q

What is Hemopoiesis?

What are the two types of it?

A

The production of blood and everything in it

Two types:
- Myeloid Hemopoiesis
- Lymphoid Hemopoiesis

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18
Q

What is Myeloid Hempoiesis?

A

Forms all types of formed elements in blood

Occurs in Red Bone Marrow

19
Q

What is Lymphoid Hemopoiesis?

A

Creates Lymphocytes

Occurs in Lymphatic organs (bone marrow and thymus)

20
Q

What is the process of creating an Erythocyte?

A

Basically:
Hematopoietic Stem Cell to Erythroblast to Erythrocyte

21
Q

What does plasma contain regarding to blood type?

A

Antibodies that react against foreign antigens

22
Q

What are Leukocytes and what do they do?

A

White blood cells

  • protect the body against pathogens
23
Q

Name the 5 types of Leukocytes

A

Granulocytes: (-phils)
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils

Agranulocytes:
- Lymphcytes
- Monocytes

24
Q

Where does Oxygen and CO2 bind to which parts of a hemogoblin?

A

The heme group binds to oxygen

The goblin group binds to CO2

25
Q

Neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils are called granulocytes because

A

They contain specific secretory granules

26
Q

What are Neurtophils?

A
  • Most abundent WBC (60% to 70%)
  • Nucleus is S or C shaped
  • Has reddish to violet granules in cytoplasm
27
Q

What is the function of Neutrophils?

A

Phagocytize bacteria and digest them

Secrete antimicrobial chemicals
- this kills bacteria and the neutrophils themselves

28
Q

What are Eosinophils?

A
  • Rare WBC (2% to 4%)
  • Nucleus has 2 large lobes connected by thin strand
  • Large orange-pink granules in cytoplasm
29
Q

Functions of Eosinophils

A
  • Attacks parasites and phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes, allergens and inflammatory agents.
  • Will increase in numbers according to how many threats in the body
30
Q

What are Basophils?

A
  • Rarest of all WBC (< 0.5%)
  • Has a course, abundent, dark violet granules in cytoplasm
31
Q

What are the functions of Basophils?

A

Secrete histamine, which increases blood flow to injured tissue

Secrete heparin which promotes mobility of other WBC to injured area
- Heparin: an anticoagulant

32
Q

What are Monocytes?

A
  • 3% to 8% of WBCs
  • Large idenfiable nucleus that has a U-Shape
33
Q

What are the functions of Monocytes?

A
  • Will transform into macrophages (large phagocytic WBC)
  • Phagocytizes pathogens and cellular debris
34
Q

What are Lymphocytes?

A
  • 25% to 33% of WBCs
  • Has an extremely large nucleus with a dark, violet color

3 functional classes of lymphocytes exist:
- T Cells
- B Cells
- Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)

35
Q

What are the functions of Lymphocytes?

A

Secretes antibodies, destroys cancer cells and promotes immune memory.

36
Q

What is Leukopoiesis?

A

Production of White Blood Cells

Begins with hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

37
Q

What do myeoblasts, monoblasts, and lymphoblasts give rise to?

A

Myeloblasts give rise to eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils

Monoblasts give rise to moncytes

Lymphoblasts give rise to B, T, and NK lymphocytes

38
Q

Where do Granulocytes and Monocytes stay in the body?

A

They stay in red marrow until needed

39
Q

Where do Lymphocytes stay in the body?

A

B lymphocytes and NK cells mature in bone marrow

T lymphocytes mature in Thymus (Hence T)

40
Q

What are platelets formed by?

A

They are small fragments of megakerocytes

41
Q

What are the functions of platelets?

A

-Clot formation and dissolution
- WBC attraction
- Simulation for mitosis for healing
- Vasoconstriction

42
Q

Describe the process of thrombopoiesis

A

This is the production of platelets

Some hemopoietic stem cells become megakaryoblasts which then becomes megakaryocytes

Megakaryocytes sprout proplatelet tendrils in red marrow, proplatelets are broken up into platelets

43
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

The cessation of bleeding

44
Q

Describe the process of hemostasis

A

Platelets release serotonin and clotting factors that trigger vasoconstriction

Platelets then stick to vessel wall of injured tissue called a platelet plug. Clotting factors convert fibrinogen to sticky fibrin

Once breach is secured, platelets secrete growth factors to trigger healing and other factors to dissolve the clot

Anatomy 32 (20 decks)

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