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HUMAN ANATOMY FROM HELL > circulatory system cont. > Flashcards

circulatory system cont. Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

what is the anterior, wrinkly ear-like flap on each atria called

A

auricle

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2
Q

what carries blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary circut

A

pulmonary trunk

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3
Q

what is the thing between the atria and ventricles and what does it do

A

fibrous skeleton
provides:
- structural support
- anchors heart valves
- rigid framework for heart muscles to attach to
- electrical insulation between atria and ventricles

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4
Q

what are the 3 heart layers

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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5
Q

what 3 things does the right atrium receive venous blood from

A

sup. and inf. vena cava
coronary sinus

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6
Q

what are the ridges on the inside of each ventricle called

A

trabeculae carnea

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7
Q

what structure attaches to the lower surface of the cusps of the valves to prevent it from flipping into the atrium

A

the chordae tendineae

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8
Q

what anchors the chordae tendineae

A

papillary muscles

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9
Q

where do the L and R coronary arteries travel through

A

coronary sulcus

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10
Q

______ is characterized by inadequate supply of oxygen and blood to part of the body

A

ischemia

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11
Q

what is a painless myocardial ischemia called

A

silent myocardial ischemia

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12
Q

what is a painful myocardial ischemia called

not ‘heart attack’

A

angina pectoris

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13
Q

what is heart contraction called

A

systole

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14
Q

what is heart relaxation called

A

diastole

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15
Q

what is the name for an abnormally increased heart rate (>100 bpm) that reduces blood flow to ventricular myocardium

NO R

A

tachycardia

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16
Q

what is chronic low blood pressure called

A

hypotention

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17
Q

what is the inclusive period of time from the start of one heartbeat to the initiation of the next one called

A

cardiac cycle

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18
Q

how does most of the blood get into the ventricals

A

ventricular diastole

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19
Q

how much blood flows into the ventricle during ventricular diastole?
how much do the atria squeeze in

A

70%
squeeze in the other 30%

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20
Q

which artery has to deal with the highest pressure of all the arteries

A

aorta

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21
Q

which of the heart valves is the most likely to fail and why

A

the bicuspid valve, because it receives the most pressure

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22
Q

what is the term for an atypically slow heartbeat of less than 50 bpm

A

bradycardia

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23
Q

what is the name of the one way flutter valve that unborn babies have that is used to shunt blood from the right atrium to the left

A

septum primum

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24
Q

what are the (3) terms for when the fossa ovalis fails to close properly

A

patent foramen ovale
perforated fossa ovalis
atrial septal defect

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25
what is the primary mover of blood through the capillary bed
left ventricular systole
26
what is the term for a site in the body where 2+ arteries/veins merge to supply/drain the same region
anastomosis
27
_______ are more likely to form anastomoses
veins
28
what are arteries that don't for anastomoses called
'end arteries'
29
when an artery and corresponding vein travel together they're called
companion vessels
30
what are the 3 layers of artery/vein walls
tunica intima tunica media tunica externa
31
what is the tunica intima made of
endolethium
32
the tunica ____ is what makes the one way valves in veins
intima
33
the tunica _______ has smooth muscle that causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation
media
34
in arteries the thickest layer is the tunica _____
media
35
in veins the thickest layer is the tunica _______
externa
36
the lumen of an artery is _______ than that of a same sized vein
narrower
37
capillaries often only contain the tunica ____
intima
38
what is the 'ocean' that surrounds cells
interstitial fluid
39
what is the most common type of hypotention
constricted arteries
40
in general, as an artery's diameter decreases, there is a corresponding ______ in the amount of elastic fibers and a relative _______ in the amount of smooth muscle
decrease increase
41
what are the largest arteries
elastic arteries
42
what is the diameter range for elastic arteries
2.5-1 cm
43
why are the biggest/closest to the heart arteries elastic
to withstand the strong pulsations of the ejected blood, also reduce force of pulsations somewhat
44
what are the two ways blood in the arterial system is propelled
ventricular systole AND by the elastic recoil of the arterial walls
45
what are some examples of elastic arteries
aorta pulmonary brachicephalic common carotid subclavian common iliac
46
what is the diameter range of muscular arteries
1cm-3mm
47
most arteries are ______ arteries
muscular
48
_______ are the smallest arteries
arterioles
49
what is the diameter range for arterioles
3mm-10micrometers
50
vasoconstriction and dilation is under the control of which part of the brain
medulla oblongata
51
______ connect arterioles to venules
capillaries
52
what is the average capillary diameter
8-10 micrometers
53
what are the 3 types of capillaries
continuous capilarries fenenstrated capillaries sinusoids
54
at rest, veins hold about _____% of the body's blood
60%
55
what is the diameter range for venules
8-100 micrometers
56
sickle cell disease can lead to what (2)
infarction or anemia
57
what is one cause of edema
excess interstitial fluid
58
what 3 things help blood overcome the forces of gravity to get back up to the heart from veins
one-way valves skeletal muscle pump respiratory pump
59
what 2 arteries emerge immediately from the wall of the ascending aorta
the L and R coronary arteries
60
what does the ascending aorta turn into
the aortic arch
61
what are the 3 main arterial branches that come off the aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk left common carotid artery left subclavian artery
62
the brachiocephalic trunk off the aortic arch splits into the
right common carotid artery right subclavian artery
63
what parts of the body do the L and R common carotid artery supply
L and R side of the head and neck respectively
64
what parts of the body do the L and R subclavian arteries supply
L and R upper limbs and some thoracic structures (respectively)
65
what is it called when someone suddenly stops (ie. car crash) and the aortic arch gets pulled off the heart or the thoracic artery gets damaged
aortic transections
66
what is it called when blood starts splitting the tunica intima from the tunica media
aortic dissections
67
the common carotid split at the sup. border of the thyroid cartilage into
the external artery and the internal artery
68
what is near the split of the common carotid artery and what special sensors does this thing have
carotid sinus, it has baroreceptor that monitor blood pressure
69
what things are in the carotid sheath
common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
70
where does the carotid sheath go
from base of skull to the first tib and the sternum
71
the vertebral arteries emerge from the _____ _____
subclavian arteries
72
the vertebral arteries travel through the _____ ______ or the cervical vertebrae and enter the skull through the _____ ______
transverse foramina foramen magnum
73
the vertebral arteries merge to form the
basilar artery
74
the left and right internal thoracic arteries arise from the
subclavian arteries
75
what is the cardiac surgeons blood vessel of choice for coronary artery bypass grafting
the left internal thoracic artery
76
what 3 paired arteries supply the diaphragm
superior phrenic muculophrenic inferior phrenic
77
what 3 UNPAIRED arteries emerge from the descending abdominal artery
celiac trunk superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric
78
what 3 PAIRED arteries emerge from the descending abdominal artery
middle suprarenal renal gonadal
79
the celiac trunk of the descending abdominal artery splits into 3 branches called
the left gastric artery splenic artery common hepatic artery
80
the left gastric artery supplies
the lesser curvature of the stomach and some parts of the esophagus
81
the splenic artery supplies
the spleen, part of the stomach, and the pancreas
82
the common hepatic artery supplies
the liver, gallbladder, part of the stomach, the duodenum, and the pancreas
83
what does the superior mesenteric supply
most of the small intestine pancreas proximal part of large intestine
84
what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply
part of the transverse colon part of the descending colon sigmoid colon rectum
85
what do the middle suprarenal arteries supply
adrenal gland
86
what do the renal arteries supply
each kidney
87
what do the gonadal arteries supply
testes in men, ovaries in women
88
the descending abdominal artery splits into ____ and ____ (at level L4)
left common iliac artery right common iliac artery
89
the common iliac arteries split to form
internal and external iliac arteries
90
what does the internal iliac artery supply
the pelvic and perineal structures
91
what does the external iliac artery supply
the leg
92
what surrounds the celiac trunk
the celiac/solar plexus
93
where does the pancreas get arterial blood from (3 sources)
splenic artery (off celiac trunk) common hepatic artery(off celiac trunk) superior mesenteric
94
what is the fancy name for a blood pressure cuff
sphygmomanometer
95
what arch is formed primarily from the ulnar artery
superficial palmar arch
96
what arch is formed primarily from the radial artery
deep palmar arch
97
what veins merge to form the sup. vena cava
left and right brachiocephalic
98
which vessel has the largest diameter
inferior vena cava | prettysure thats actually the aorta
99
what does the superior vena cava drain
head, neck, and upper limbs
100
what does the superior vena cava drain
large amounts of deoxygenated blood from the head, eyes, neck, and upper limbs into the upper right chamber (atrium) of the heart. | from googke
101
what drains the dural venous sinuses
external jugular vein
102
which one of the veins skips the subclavian veins and goes right into the brachiocephalic
vertebral veins

HUMAN ANATOMY FROM HELL (28 decks)

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