Civil Rights Flashcards
(22 cards)
Civil Rights
protections for individuals from discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, sex and other characteristics, ensuring equal treatment under the law
Securing Rights for those with disabilites
section 504 of rehabilitation act of 1973- no discrimination of dsiabilites in federal agencies
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990- no discrimination in employment, buying goods/services, participating in gov programs
Pred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
slaves were ruled as not citizens by SOCTUS
Emancipation Proclamation
1863, during Civil War Lincoln freed the slaves of the southern states
Post Civil War
Black codes restricted social rights and economic opportunity
13th Amendment
prohibited slavery
14th Amendment
citizenship to people born in the US, due process clause and equal protection clause
15th amendment
right to vote for black males
Jim Crow Laws
enforced segregation(transportation, entertainment, business, education), voter supression (poll taxes, literacy tests, economic intimidation, violence)
Plessy v. Ferguson
SCOTUS upheld constitutionality of Jim Crow Laws, facilites can be separate as long as they are “equal”
Dejure Segregation
seperation of individuals by law based on race
Defacto Segregation
seperation of individuals based on chracteristics that are not by law but by other factors, such as residential housing patterns
Affirmative Action
a policy designed to the consequences of previous discrimination by providing special consideration to individuals based upon their characteristics (race, gender)
Social Movement, Civil Disobedience
large groups of citizens organizing for political change, the intentional refusal to follow the law to call attention to its injustice
Civil Rights Act of 1964
legislation outlawing racial segregation in public places and authorized the attorney general to sue individual school districts who failed to desegregate
Voting Rights Act of 1965
legislation oulawing literacy tests and authroizing justice dept. to send federal officers to register the voters in areas with a history of voting discrimination
Fight for womens rights
1920- right to vote was achieved by 19th amendment
1960s- challenging and changing laws dealing with inequalities at work, home, sexual harassment, and violence
The feminine mystique
written by Betty Friedan, the book shattered assumptions that women were happy as mothers and wives
Womens Rights and Public Policy
title 9 of the Education Amendments of 1972- legislation prohibiting sex discrimination in schools receiving federal aid (most visibly seen in women’s athletics)
Equal Rights Amendment
proposed amendment to the constitution- equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of sex (failed to pass, seems unnecessary and women would possibly be included in the draft)
Gender Discriminaiton
strict scrutiny (gov has to show a compelling interest to justify unequal treatment) most forms of discriminatory treatment based on gender/race are found to be unconstitutional
