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Flashcards in Civil Rights For Mocks Deck (9)
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1
Q

Black Americans in the 1950s

A

‘Jim Crow’ laws are still being enforced. Still very much segregated. Separate restaurants, cinemas and schools. Buses segregated. Facilities in black schools were terrible as they had no funding. Blacks were seen as inferior by whites. Blacks had the worst jobs. Lived in poorest parts of towns and cities called ‘ghettos’. The Plessey Ferguson case in 1896 said that segregation was acceptable if the facilities provided were equal.

2
Q

Brown Vs Topeka case summary (inc dates)

A

In 1952, the NAACP took 5 desegragation cases to the Supreme Court saying that seperate was not equal therefore it violates the 14th Ammendment. The pro-segregation judge as replaced by Earl Warren in December 1952. In May 1954, The Supreme Court ruled that ‘sperate but equal’ had no place in education. In May 1955, Supreme court calls for desegregation ‘with all depiberate speed’.

3
Q

Brown V Topeka case short term succes (3) long term effects (2n 1p)

A

Plessy v Ferguson decision was reversed. South had to desegregate its schools. Led to future legal victories.

Black students faced hostility in integrated schools and many had been better off at the black school. Many whites moved to segregated parts of the US (white flight). More awareness of Civil Rights movement.

4
Q

Brown v Topeka short term faliure (5)

A

KKK membership increased. White Citizens council set up. South rejected the desicions. Some southern govenors pledged to keep segregation. Threats and violence towards the black children.

5
Q

Little Rock Summary. The 9. Faubus. The 1. POTUS intervention. Faubus

A

Little Rock high school in Arkansas was segregated up to 1957. 75 black students applied, 25 were accepted but only 9 were willing to put up with the abuse and threats. Orval Faubus sent 250 state troops to prevent the black students entering the school in order to “keep the peace’. Daisy Bates (NAACP) organised for the 9 students to arrive at school at the same time but unfortunately one student didnt get the message. Elizabeth Eckford arrived alone and was faced with an enormous mob. 250 reporters photographed the abuse and shared nation and worldwide. This forced Eisenhower to order Faubus to remove his troops and replace them with 1000 federal troops to stop the rioting. The students and their families. still experienced a monumental amount of hatred and abuse. They were allowed to attend the school. Faubus then closed all the schools for a year before being forced to reopen by Supreme Court.

6
Q

Significance of Little Rock (3)

A

Forced Eisenhower, who would of prefered to do nothing, to take action. In 1957 Eisenhower introduced the first Civil Rights Act since 1875. It set up a commission to prosecute anybody who tried to deny American citizens their rights. Also attracted world-wide attention and was on television screens across the USA.

7
Q

Montgomery Bus boycott summary

A

1955 Rosa Parks arrested for not moving out of the ‘white only’ seats. Bus company refuses to change its policies. Car pools begin and 90% of black people that used the bus stopped for publicity . The MIA was set up to help continue the bus boycott 1956. MLK house bombed. NAACP begins Browder v Gayle before eventually going to Supreme Court. S court says buses should be desegregated. 2 bus company appeals rejected by the supreme court. Boycott is lifted before busses become desegregated on the 21st of Dec.

8
Q

Success of the bus boycotts (5)

A

Buses were desgregated. Gained sympathy andattention as it was non-violent. Showed the power of non-violent protest. Brought MLK into the spotlight. Lead to the 1957 Civil Rights act

9
Q

Negatives to come from the bus boycotts (5)

A

White backlash. No further desegregation. MIA leaders were attacked. Bus stops were still segregated. Black people riding the bus were shot at.