Civil War Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
What did Lincoln promise?
A
To preserve the union
2
Q
Lincoln refused to recognize the _________! “Union is unbroken
A
Secession
3
Q
How did the South feel about Lincoln’s not willing to recognize them as Confederates?
A
Fearful and enraged
4
Q
Describe Fort Sumter 1861.
A
Confederate troops attacked the federal arsenal in Fort Sumter, South Carolina, beginning the war.
5
Q
What harbor did the confederates have control over? (Fort Sumter)
A
Charleston Harbor
6
Q
After _____ hours of ______, Fort Sumter surrendered
A
34, cannon blasts
7
Q
What did Lincoln declare the South as after Fort Sumter?
A
In a state of rebellion
8
Q
What choice did the states have to make?
A
Put down rebellion or secede (Union or Confeds)
9
Q
Which states rallied with Lincoln?
A
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Northern states
10
Q
What states seceded?
A
Upper South; North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Arkansas
11
Q
What are border states?
A
Slave states that did not join the confederacy
12
Q
Examples of border states?
A
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri
13
Q
Which two border states controlled rivers?
A
Kentucky and Missouri
14
Q
What state separated the Union capital (D.C.) from the Southern’s (Richmond)?
A
Maryland
15
Q
List four advantages of the union
A
Population - 22 million
Money - had 90% of industrial goods, especially ammunition
An efficient network of roads, canals, and railroads
Controlled the navy, which could block Southern ports and shut down the Southern Economy
16
Q
Union disadvantages
A
A long offensive war (long supply lines, unfamiliar territory)
Incapable military leaders
17
Q
Advantages of the Confederate
A
Excellent generals - Robert E Lee and Thomas Jackson
18
Q
Defending is always easier than attacking. Why?
A
The Southerners were familiar with climate and territory, as well as psychological advantages
19
Q
What did Southern farms provide for armies?
A
Food
20
Q
______ fight better than ________
A
Farmers, factory workers
21
Q
Profitable economy based on _______ exports
A
Cotton
22
Q
Two Confederate disadvantages
A
Smaller population - 9 million, 3.5 million slaves
Had to import industrial goods; very little munitions production
23
Q
The War in the East’s other name?
A
No Picnic
24
Q
In the War of the East, what part of Virginia did Lincoln order an attack on?
A
RichmondW
25
What was the FIRST battle officially of the Civil War?
1st battle of the bull run (manassas)
26
What was the objective of 1st BOTBR?
For union to control the railroad junction in Manassas
27
What happened to the Unions during 1st battle of bull run?
Confederates surrounded them at Bull Run Creek. Union troops nearly pushed them back, but Thomas Jackson withstood it and caused the union forces to scatter in retreat.
28
What's Thomas Jackson's nickname?
Stonewall
29
What was the result of 1st Battle of the Bull Run?
Northern hopes crushed, first major battle of the civil war.
30
What is Lincoln's quote in response to the outcome of the battle of the bull run?
"We need better troops!"
31
What's the army that Union General George B. McClellan assembled 100,000 well-trained soldiers with the goal to attack Richmond again?
Army of the Potomac
32
Who was the main person involved in the Seven Days Battle?
Robert E. Lee
33
What title did Robert E. Lee have?
Graduate of West Point
34
At ____________ _________, Robert E. Lee led federal troops
Harpers Ferry
35
What was the Robert E. Lee's strategies described as?
Risk-taking and unpredictable
36
What exactly WAS the Seven Days Battles?
A series of battles that forced McClellan to retreat from Richmond
37
When Lincoln was desperate, he sent ANOTHER General to attack Richmond. What was the battle called?
2nd Battle of Bull Run 1862
38
Which General was in charge of 2nd BOBR?
General Pope
39
What was the outcome of 2nd BOBR 1862?
JACKSON DEFEATS POPE'S UNION ARMY IN A 3-DAY BATTLE, consisting of savage fighting. This was the battle that convinced Robert E. Lee that it was time to attack the North.
40
What was the Battle of Antietam of 1862 the South's first of?
First battle on Northern land
41
Robert E. Lee marched into ________ for Battle of Antietam?
Maryland
42
What was Robert E. Lee's goal for Battle of Antietam 1862?
Attack Harpers Farry
43
What was the screw up that Robert E. Lee made which revealed his plans to Union soldiers?
Leave his battle plans in an abandoned camp
44
________ planned a counterattack after knowing Robert E. Lee's battle plans.
McClellan
45
What was the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War and US History?
Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)
46
Describe the outcome of the Battle of Antietam.
Important Union Victory
Lee sufferd heavy losses
Union: 12k men down
South: 13k men down
MOST IMPORTANTLY: Victory at Antietam convinced Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
47
What year was the Emancipation Proclamation released?
1862
48
What did Lincoln believe when writing the Emancipation Proclamation?
That he did not have the constitutional right to free slaves
49
What did Democrats fear in terms of their jobs>
Freed slaves would take them
50
Abolitionists argued that _________ was useless unless ________ were _________
war, slaves, freed
51
T or F: Some people argued that the use of slaves was helping Confederates win war, so therefore, Lincoln couldn't free the slaves in the South using his war powers
True
52
Emancipation Proclamation
Military order that freed slaves in Confederate states only
53
Did the Emancipation Proclamation free the slaves
No; it was symbolic and they couldn't enforce it in the South while the border states did not stop doing slavery
54
After what battle was Emancipation proclamation announced?
Antietam
55
Lots of slaves who flocked to the North did what to the South's economy?
They crippled it as well as the ability to wage war
56
Which side controlled the sea?
Union; this was the only fleet. They had industry money and experienced officers.
57
Anaconda Plan
Union's naval strategy to limit Southern import supplies by Blockading southern ports
58
What warships did Confederates turn to?
Ironclads: thick-plated ships with heavy guns
59
What was the Virginia?
Confederate ironclad built from the captured Union steamship originally called the Merrimack
Confederates sank 2 wooden warships, taking minor damage
60
Virginia (South) vs.
Monitor (North)
61
Duration and effect of battle at the sea?
Hours, no serious damage
62
Union objective for strategy in the west?
Control the Mississippi River
63
Why did Union soldiers try so hard to get control of the Mississippi River?
It would cut Confederate food sources in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. It was used as a strategic base fo Southern communication and transportation.
64
Which Unioni General was given command o the Western campaign?
Ulysses S. Grant
65
Which state did Grant's assault take place in?
TennesseeW
66
What did Grant do along the river?
Take key outposrts and forts along rivers with the help of gunships
67
Which Union army victory gave greater control of the Mississippi River?
Battle of Shiloh
68
What was the Battle of Shiloh?
2 day battle, 10k casualties
69
Grant by _____, _______ by sea
Land, Farragut
70
David Farragut
Union Admiral who led key victories at New Orleans and the Siege of Vicksburg
71
Farragut's guns had trouble reaching the city on a ______-foot cliff
200
72
Grant attacked by land and with his help, he and Farragut shelled Vicksburg until they ______________.
Surrendered
73
The battle by the sea lasted __ months (Vicksburg)
2
74
What did soldiers eat during the two battles involving water (New Orleans and Siege of Vicksburg)?
Horses, dogs, and rats
75
Did a Union or Confederate soldier say "The fate of the Confederacy was sealed at Vicksburg?"
Confederate
76
Confederates struggled in the east. Why?
Unionforces stopped attempts of Confederate army's taking of west lands.C
77
Which border state did the Confederates fail to take>
Missouri
78
Unions were helped by 800 __________ by promising greater freedom to keep Missouri safe
Cherokee
79
Confederate troops remained active to force Union Commanders to separate troops from the ______
North
80
When the Union needed more troops, what did they do regarding African Americans?
Get contrabands, escaped slaves who were given the right to join the army
81
54th Massachusetts Infantry
Heroic unit of mostly free African Americans who proved the value of black soldiers
82
What did Lincoln suggest rewarding African Americans who fought with?
The right to vote
83
Copperheads
Peace Democrats who sympathized with the South and opposed slavery
84
Lincoln saw _______ as a threat and suspended a major document.
Copperheads
85
Lincoln suspended the _________ __________, the constitutional protection against ___________ ___________
Habeas Corpus, Unlawful imprisonment
86
Draft for war?
$300 men were allowed to buy their way out, or find someone else to fight for them
87
This infamous quote surfaced upon the controversial ways people dodged the draft.
"Rich man's war, poor man's fight"
88
Two huge weapons that caused major casualties in the battlefield
Cannonballs and bayonetsW
89
What was common in the medicine field?
Amputations
90
What thing starting with an I that soldiers got from fighting cause death?
Infection
91
2x more deaths from __________
Disease (typhoid, pneumonia, tuberculosis)
92
Clara Barton's nickname
the angel of the battlefield
93
What did Clara Barton do?
organize collection of medicine or supplies to be delivered to the battlefield, often nursed men in battle, formed the basis for the American Red Crorss
94
While Robert E. Lee was busy defending Virginia, he...
Won battles against General Ambrose Burnsie in Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, suffered heavy deaths
95
What major confederate general died before the war ended?
Stonewall Jackson
96
Lee launched attacks in the Northern territory. Why?
He wanted other nations to recognize the confederacy
97
At the Battle of Gettysburg of 1863, how did Lee bump into the Union troops?
He was raiding to gather boots, socks and food (supplies)
98
The battle of gettysburg was between
lee and george g. meade
99
1st day of gettysburg
Scramble for the best positioning, union forces dug in on top of 2 hills while confederaetes camped on seminary ridge, and both troops called the main forces to reinforce and prep for combat
100
2nd day of gettysburg
Lee ordered an attack on the left side of the Union to try and Capture Little Round Top (hill), but Union held it.
101
3rd day of gettysburg address
Lee planned to rush center of the union Lines
102
Pickett's charge
Failed confederate attack up Cemetery ridge led by General George Pickett
103
4th day of gettysburg
Lee plans to retreat
104
4 Aftermaths of Gettysburg?
Turning point in the war
Lee never again launched an attack in the North
Same day that Grant captured Vicksburg
Northerners felt war could be won
Great Britain and France refused to aid the Confederacy
105
Casualties from Gettysburg
Union: 23k, Confeds: 28k
106
On November 9th, 1863, Lincoln released this.
Gettysburg ddress
107
Gettysburg Address
A speech Lincoln wrote in which he priased the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War
108
Was the Gettysburg address long or short?
Short
109
What did Lincoln remind listeners of in the G.A.?
War was fought for ideals of the DOI: "liberty, equality, democracy"
110
Grant vs. Lee for what state? What year?
Virginia, 1864
111
Wilderness Campaign
Battles designed to capture the Confederate Capital at Richmond, Virginia
112
At the Battle of ______ _______, Grant lost 7k in a few hours.
Cold Harbor
113
Despite losing 7k men in a few hours, Grant kept on attacking Lee to capture Virginia. Why?
He knew Lee was running low on supplies.
114
Who won the Wilderness Campagin battles? Did the complete their goal?
Grant won, but he failed to capture Richmond
115
Facing the _____-___________, Lincoln needed a quick victory
Re-election
116
Who led Sherman's march?
William Tecumseh ShermanH
117
How long was Sherman's March?
60 miles from Tennessee to Savannah (Georgia)
118
Sherman had ______k men
100
119
Sherman's 1st goal?
Take out Atlanta, Georgia, and the railroad link
120
Which commander was given control of the Confederate army in the region by President Jefferson Davis to defend against Sherman?
John Hood
121
Did Hood's attacks on Sherman ever prove effective?
No. Union troops were just stronger
122
On _______ _, _____ Atlanta fell.
September 2, 1864
123
Sherman _______ and set _____ to Atlanta
Shelled and set fire
124
Which victory convinced Union voters to re-elect Lincoln?
Sherman's burning of atlanta
125
What was Sherman's 2nd goal?
Take port city of Savannah, Georgia.
126
Left Atlanta with 60k men. Iconic Quote about Georgia?
"Make Georgia Howl"
127
Total War
Destroying civilian and economic resources along t he way
128
129
Aftermath of Sherman's march
South's economiy, stability, and will to fight destroyed. Destroyed railroads, bridges, crops, livestock, vburned planations, freed slaves
130
Consequences of Sherman's march
Southerner's ability to recover after war made nearly impossible, anger and resentmnet sprouted in Southerners for generations
131
In April 1865, the South surrendered. True or false?
True
132
Through __________, Grant breaks through and forces Lee to retreat from Richmond
Petersburg
133
How did Grant force Lee to surrender?
Grant surrounded him. Lee tried to escape to North Carolina and join their troops but was cut off
134
Lee surrendered. Main reason?
Low on supplies
135
Ashamed quote from Lee
"There is nothing left for me to do but go and see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths."
136
April 9, 1865
Union and Confed leaders mat at a home in the town of Appomattox Courthouse, where Lee surrendered to Grant to end the Civil War.
137
Spell the house that ended the war
Appomattox Courthouse
138
What did Grant Promise Lee? (3 things)
Troops not harmed
Fed and allowed to keep horses
Not tried for treason
139
Effects of War (1861 to 1865)
620k americans lost their lives, but slavery was ended! Slaves had no support structure however, and the Southern Economy was in ruin. US was deeply wounded and needed to heal. But new innovations and advancements in technology were created.
140
New inventions thanks to civil war
Railroads for war
Telegraphs
Photography: the first war to be caught on camera
Air reconnaissance (balloon corps to spy)
Army ambulance corps
Long-range rifles (grooves in musket barrel), minie bullet (traveled faster and more accurately)
Repeating rifles: 1863 “Spencer rifle”
Gatling gun (rarely used)
Submarines
Naval mines and torpedoes (inspired by land mines and grenades in later wars)
