CJS Public Policy & Crime - 10/20marker

Question 1

Functionalism

Answer 1

Garfinkel - shame

Durkheim - reaffirms boundaries, social solidarity

Matza - social cohesion

Question 2

Marxism

Answer 2

Quinney - law is an instrument of the state

Snider - laws favour ruling classes

Chambliss & Seidman - judges

Althusser - repressive state apparatus

Question 3

Gender

Answer 3

Pollak - CJS favours women (unreliable)

Starr - CJS favours women

Hood, Newburn - chivalry

Question 4

Interactionism

Answer 4

Becker - master status

Cicourel - typifications, negotiation of justice

Tannenbaum - dramatisation of evil

Braithwaite - shaming

Question 5

Right Realism

Answer 5

Clarke - rational choice

Bentham - hedonistic calculus

Wilson - target hardening

Question 6

Left Realism

Answer 6

Lea & Young - marginalisation

Holdaway - canteen culture

McPherson Report - institutional racism

Genetic Surveillance

Community led policing

Question 7

Role of Prisons?

Answer 7

Durkheim - rehabilitate offenders back to society

Norbert Elias - play a deterrent role in ensuring people follow laws

Question 8

Criticisms of Prisons

Answer 8

Roger Matthews - imprisonment has little effect on crime rate, ‘universities of crime’

Solomon - people are being imprisoned for minor offences, for which community sentences would be more appropriate

70% of offenders sent to prison re-offend

Question 9

Prison Key Facts

Answer 9

-Increasing number of people held in prison

-Each prisoner costs the government £50,000 a year

-Recidivism rates are high

-Prison population of England and Wales rose by 90% between 1990 and 2018

-Imprisonment is the most common form of punishment