Class 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the primary structure of a protein?
Sequence of AAs
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
H bonding between back bone
-helix, beta sheet
What is the tertiary structure of a protein ?
Side chain interactions with a polypeptide
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
Side chain interaction between different polymers/groups of proteins
In the tertiary protein structure, what are the different kinds of non covalent bonds?
non polar - nonpolar
Polar-polar (uncharged)
Electrostatic (acid/base) charged
these brake with acid/base, heat and salt solution
In the tertiary protein structure, what are the different kinds of covalent bonds?
disulphide bridges fir Cystein (cys) C
How aree starch cellulose and glycogen all linked together?
alpha 1,4 (linear) and alpha 1,6 = starch and glycogen
beta 1,4 = cellulose
What are carbs used for?
Energy
Cell surface markers
Adhesion
What is a transfat?
Take. unsaturated fat and add hydrogens and force it to become solid
-reduces double bonds and some go to trans double bonds
What are Triglycerides?
3 FA and a glycerol
How are TGs made?
Dehydration synthesis
Forms ester bonds during synthesis
What are terpenes?
Made from isoprene units (need at least 2)
They are waxes, precursors to this are ring lipids and Vitamin A
What is the structure of steroids and cholesterol ?
3 cyclohexane and 1 cyclopentane
What does G, H and T and S mean?
G free energy
H Enthalpy
T temp
S entropy
What happens when G is positive of negative?
G>0 its non spontaneous (potential is greater than kinetics)
G<0 its spontaneous (potential is less than kinetics)
What does exergonic mean?
spontaneous, so it will happen at some point, but doesn’t mean its fast
Are transition states stable?
No they have increased. energy and are unstable and won’t last long
Why are lower activation energies more stable?
Increases stabilization of transition state
Reduce activation energy
Are enzymes. always on?
Yes, you need tp phosphorylate it to turn the enzyme on or off
What is allosteric regulation?
Regulate enzymes via conformation change
What is a negative feedback?
Product inhibits something at the start of the chain
What its a positive feedback?
Drives the formation of the products (not for regulation) but must have external regulator to stop
What does max depend on?
[Enzyme]
Type of enzyme you’re working with
What is the Km?
Concentration of the substrate required to reach 1/2 Vmax
-the affinity it has for the substrate
