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Neuro 2 > Class 11/12 - Hearing & Equilibrium > Flashcards

Class 11/12 - Hearing & Equilibrium Flashcards

1
Q

Auditory receptors transduce small amplitude vibrations ____x faster than photoreceptors respond to light

A

1000

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2
Q

The external auditory canal is found within the ____ bone

A

temporal

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3
Q

What separates the external and middle ear?

A

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

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4
Q

What order are the ossicles arranged in?

A

malleus - incus - stapes

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5
Q

What two muscles attach to the ossicles? What is their function and innervation?

A 
tensor tympani (CN V) tenses eardrum to prevent damage from loud noises
stapedius (CN VII) prevents damage to oval window
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6
Q

The stapedius muscle cannot protect from…

A

brief, very loud noises (like a gunshot)

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7
Q

Stapedius mm paralysis results in…

A

hyperacusia

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8
Q

The bony labyrinth contains the ____ within the _____

A

membranous labyrinth within the perilymh

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9
Q

The bony labyrinth is composed of the ___, ___, and ___.

A

cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals

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10
Q

The round window at one end of the cochlea is sealed by the…

A

secondary tympanic membrane

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11
Q

The plate of stapes fits into the ____

A

oval window

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12
Q

What are the two passages within the cochlea? What are they filled with?

A

scala vestibuli
scala tympani

perilymph

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13
Q

In between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani is the ____, containing ___ and _____.

A

cochlear duct, containing the endolymph and spiral organ/organ of Corti

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14
Q

The vestibule is a bony space connecting the cochlea and semicircular canals. What two sacs of the membranous labyrinth are found within it?

A

utricle and saccule

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15
Q

The utricle and saccule are used for…

A

static equilibrium

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16
Q

The semicircular canals contain receptors for…

A

dynamic equilibrium

17
Q

The semicircular canals have enlargements called ___ which open into the vestibule.

A

ampullae

18
Q

The membranous labyrinth includes the ___, __, ___, and _____.

A

cochlear duct, utricle, saccule, and semiricular ducts

19
Q

The range of sound most accurately heard by humans is between:

A

500-5000Hz

20
Q

What is the function of the round window?

A

dissipates the vibrational wave

21
Q

The first order neurons in the cochlear ganglion form the cochlear portion of the VII cranial nerve, which will enter the ____ and synapse with second order neurons in the _______ nuclei

A

medulla oblongata

cochlear nuclei

22
Q

In the auditory pathway, some axons decussate in the medulla and ascend as the lateral lemniscus to terminate in the ____ of the midbrain. Others will end in the _____ in the pons on each side, to then head to the ______.

A

inferior colliculi
superior olivary nucleus
inferior colliculi

23
Q

The right and left primary auditory areas in the temporal lobe will receive impulses from _____

A

BOTH EARS EACH

24
Q

From each inferior colliculis in the auditory pathway, impulses are conveyed to the ____ of the thalamus, which will then project to the primary auditory area in the temporal lobe.

A

medial gerniculate body

25
Q

The vestibular apparatus consists of…

A

the saccule, utricle, and semicircular ducts

26
Q

What are the otholiths?

A

dense carbonate crystals extending over the surface of the otholitic membrane within the saccule and utricle

27
Q

The macula of the saccule and utricle are ___ to each other

A

perpendicular

28
Q

The maculae of the inner ear provide information on:

A

position of the head in space

linear acceleration and deceleration

29
Q

The maculae in the inner ear contain two kinds of cells:

A

hair cells (sensory receptors) containing hair bundles
+
supporting (columnar) cells that secrete the otholitic membrane that rests on the hair cells

30
Q

Receptor potentials in the maculae are triggered when…

A

the otholiths are pulled by gravity in the direction of the tilting head, bending the hair bundles

31
Q

Hair cells in the maculae synapse with __ order neurons in the ____ ganglion

A

1st order, vestibular ganglion

32
Q

ADD IN AUDITORY PATHWAY

A
33
Q

ADD IN VESTIBULAR PATHWAY

A

Neuro 2 (11 decks)

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