Class 3 - Arterial Pathologies

Question 1

What defines an aneurysm?

Answer 1

dilation of an artery, vein, or the heart with a diameter that is at least 50% greater than normal

Question 2

What are the 3 types of true aneurysms?

Answer 2

saccular
fusiform
dissecting

Question 3

What is a pseudoaneurysm?

Answer 3

occurs when the wall of a blood vessel ruptures and blood fills the surrounding tissue

Question 4

Which aortic aneurysm is more common?

Answer 4

abdominal aortic

Question 5

Which aortic aneurysm is more deadly?

Answer 5

thoracic aortic

Question 6

What is the most common site for aneurysms?

Answer 6

aorta

Question 7

Risk factors for aneurysms include…

Answer 7

congenital vascular disease
infections
atherosclerosis
trauma
genetics

Question 8

What are the tx options for aneurysms?

Answer 8

clipping
occlusion + bypass
endovascular embolization
stent graft

Question 9

What are some symptoms of cerebral aneurysms?

Answer 9

double vision, facial pain, loss of vision, severe headaches from minor bleeding, tremors, uncontrolled eye movement

Question 10

What is the most common cause of arterial occlusive disorders?

Answer 10

atherosclerosis

Question 11

What is the most common symptom of arterial occlusive disorders?

Answer 11

intermittent claudication

Question 12

Vasculitis can lead to…

Answer 12

narrowing/occlusion of blood vessels and formation of aneurysms

Question 13

What are the two main causes/risk factors for vasculitis?

Answer 13

autoimmune disease

allergic reactions to medications

Question 14

What is polyarteritis nodosa?

Answer 14

an autoimmune disease with inflammation and destructive lesions of the arterial system

Question 15

What percentage of people with hepatitis B have arteritis nodosa?

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

What is the treatment for arteritis nodosa?

Answer 16

corticosteroids

Question 17

What else is giant cell arteritis called? Who does it mainly affect?

Answer 17

temporal arteritis,

folks over 80 years old

Question 18

What is the treatment for giant cell arteritis?

Answer 18

corticosteroids

Question 19

Describe the pathogenesis of Buerger’s disease.

Answer 19

inflammation –> thrombus formation –> vasospasm –> gangrene

Question 20

TAO is most commonly seen in who?

Answer 20

men under 40 + heavy smokers

Question 21

What signs would tell you whether someone has arterial vs. venous insufficiency?

Answer 21

arterial: tired legs/cramping worsens with activity and improves with rest
venous: pain worsens with standing and improves with leg elevation/activity

Question 22

What are the signs/symptoms of arterial insufficiency?

Answer 22

intermittent claudication, redness of distal limb (elevated limb increases pallor)
gangrene

Question 23

What are the 5 ‘causes’ of aneurysms?

Answer 23

congenital vascular disease
genetics
atherosclerosis
trauma
infections

Question 24

The incidence of aneurysms is increased after what age?

Answer 24

50

Question 25

What are the two complications of aneurysms?

Answer 25

thromboembolism

rupture

Question 26

Abdominal aneurysms happen _ times more than thoracic

Answer 26

4

Question 27

What are the likely symptoms of a thoracic aneurysm?

Answer 27

coughing up blood, chest/upper back pain, difficulty swallowing, wheezing