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DMS 400 OB/GYN > Class 4: CG UT Anomalies > Flashcards

Class 4: CG UT Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

what is another name for the mullerian ducts?

A

paramesonephric ducts

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2
Q

what do the mullerian ducts form into?

A

uterus, fallopian tubes, upper vagina

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3
Q

what is the best modality to image CG UT anomalies?

A

MRI

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4
Q

what type of U/S is best for imaging CG UT anomalies?

A

3-D
TV COR
TA TRV

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5
Q

what are the 3 causes for CG UT anomalies?

A
  1. failure of formation
  2. failure of fusion
  3. failure of median septum to dissolve
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6
Q

when do S&S start for CG UT anomalies?

A

usually around puberty – pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, delayed menstruation

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7
Q

what are the two types of CG UT anomalies with failure of formation?

A
  1. complete agenesis
  2. partial agenesis
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8
Q

what forms from a partial agenesis of the mullerian ducts?

A

unicornuate UT

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9
Q

what is a rudimentary horn?

A

when the other mullerian duct partially develops – needs to be surgically removed

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10
Q

what complications can arise from a rudimentary horn?

A
  1. noncommunicating: during menses, the superficial layer from the endo of the rudimentary horn will shed into the peritoneal cavity –> PID, endometriosis
  2. communicating: ectopic pregnancy if zygote implants into the rudimentary horn endometrium
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11
Q

3 types of failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts?

A
  1. complete failure = didelphys UT
  2. partial failure/bicornuate UT –> bicervical UT
  3. partial failure/bicornuate UT –> unicervical UT
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12
Q

what is a didelphys UT?

A

a duplicated system with 2 UT, 2 cx, & 2 vaginas

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13
Q

what is a bicervical UT?

A

ducts fuse at the vagina, leading to 2 UT, 2 cx, & 1 vagina

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14
Q

what is a unicervical UT?

A

ducts fuse at the cervix, leading to 2 UT, 1 cx, & 1 vagina

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15
Q

3 types of failure of median septum to dissolve?

A
  1. septate
  2. subseptate
  3. arcuate
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16
Q

what happens with a septate UT?

A

median septum fails to dissolve completely
duplicate endometrial cavity

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17
Q

what is the most common congenital anomaly of the UT?

A

septate UT

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18
Q

what is a subseptate UT?

A

partial failure of septum to dissolve, leading to partial duplication of the endometrial cavity

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19
Q

what is the least severe congenital uterine anomaly?

A

arcuate UT

20
Q

what is an arcuate UT?

A

UT with an indentation at the fundal endometrium

21
Q

what is a cornual ectopic pregnancy?

A

any pregnancy with a CG anomaly

22
Q

how common are fallopian tube anomalies?

23
Q

what are the 3 types of FT anomalies?

A
  1. absence of FT
  2. doubling on 1 side
  3. atresia of a portion of the FT
24
Q

what are the 3 types of ovarian anomalies?

A
  1. absence
  2. supernumerary ovaries
  3. accessory ovarian tissue
25
where can accessory ovarian tissue be found?
at the cornua or near the ovaries
26
where can paraovarian cysts be found?
in the broad ligament
27
where do paraovarian cysts arise from?
rosenmuller's organ
28
what is the pedunculated type of paraovarian cyst?
hydatid cyst of margagni
29
what are some S&S of vaginal anomalies?
- pelvic pain - dysmenorrhea - dyspareunia - delayed onset of menses
30
what are some causes of the S&S of vaginal anomalies?
- obstruction at UT, cx, or vag - imperforate hymen
31
what is hematocolpos?
retention of blood in the vagina
32
what is hematometra?
retention of blood in the uterus
33
what is hematometrocolpos?
retention of blood in UT & vag
34
what is hydrometra?
fluid accumulation in the UT
35
hydrometra is seen more commonly with pediatric and postmenopausal patients. T/F?
true
36
what is pyometra?
pus accumulation in the UT
37
what is vaginal agenesis?
absence of vagina
38
what is vaginal atresia
lack of vaginal development
39
what can an imperforate hymen lead to?
hematocolpos hematometra hematometrocolpos
40
what type of amenorrhea is associated with an imperforate hymen?
primary amenorrhea
41
what is a gartner's duct cyst?
a cyst in the anterolateral portion of the vagina
42
what is a gartner's duct cyst a remnant of?
wolffian duct system
43
US app of gartner's duct cyst?
simple cyst at level of vagina
44
what is DES?
a drug given to pregnant patients who were at risk for miscarriage; given in the 1940s-1970s
45
what were some consequences of DES?
- reproductive tract anomalies in the fetus - hooded cx - T shaped UT - UT wall defects - adhesions

DMS 400 OB/GYN (21 decks)

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