class #7- more bacterial diseases

Question 1

what is virulence

Answer 1

the ability to cause damage to host cell

Question 2

what is a virulence factor

Answer 2

how bacteria reach eukaryotic cell to help cause disease

Question 3

what are the 5 bacterias studied in this lecture

Answer 3

Listeria monocytogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Yersinia pestis
Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi

Question 4

what are the characteristics of Yersinia pestis

Answer 4

gram negative rod
causes the plague
spread through zoonosis

Question 5

what are the 2 types of Yersinia pestis

Answer 5

Bubonic plague and Pneumonic plague

Question 6

what is the Bubonic plague

Answer 6

acquired from animals (flea)
Y. pestis moves into the lymph nodes and results in necrosis and “buboes”

Question 7

what happens when someone gets the Bubonic plague

Answer 7

death of tissue in hands, turn black

Question 8

what is the Pneumonic plague

Answer 8

person-person transmission (inhalation)
replicates in lungs

Question 9

what are the symptoms of the pneumonic plague

Answer 9

chest pain, fever, cough

Question 10

what is the black death

Answer 10

outbreak of Y. pestis in 1300s in Europe (pandemic of 50 million dead)

Question 11

what are the characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 11

gram positive rod
causes Listeriosis
a big issue in the food industry b/c it can grow at 4 degrees celsius

Question 12

how is Listeria monocytogenes spread

Answer 12

by contaminated food: meats, unpasteruized cheeses

Question 13

who is most at risk for Listeriosis

Answer 13

pregnant women, elderly, immunocompromised

Question 16

how does Listeria enter the epithelium

Answer 16

listeria are taken up into epithelial cells inside a phagocytic vacuole

Question 17

what happens once listeria is in a cell

Answer 17

they escape the vacuole using lipase (Listeriolysin-O)
then they use ActA to polymerize actin to move around cell

Question 18

what is Escherichia coli

Answer 18

E. coli, gram-negative bacteria

Question 19

where are E.coli virulence factors located

Answer 19

on pathogenicity islands within their genome

Question 20

what is the most common E. coli strain

Answer 20

O:157 serotype

Question 21

What is a pathogenicity island

Answer 21

large pieces of DNA that encode virulence factors

Question 22

what is E. coli O:157

Answer 22

associated with cattle, they carry O:157 but don’t get sick

Question 23

E.coli O:157 symptoms

Answer 23

bloody diarrhea and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Question 24

E.coli O:157 virulence?

Answer 24

T3SS and Shiga Toxin (AB toxin)

Question 25

what is the role of the Shiga Toxin (AB toxin)

Answer 25

the receptor for B subunit is on kidney cells A subunit inactivates ribosomes =results in reduced anemia and kidney failure

Question 26

how does E. coli O:157 spread

Answer 26

associated initially with ground beef spreading maure on crops now means O:157 outbreaks can happen in green leafy veggies

Question 27

what are the food safety regulations

Answer 27

keep food out of danger zone: 4.4 and 60 C cook beef to internal temp 60F/71.1C

Question 28

what are the characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 28

gram positive bacteria on skin, respiratory tract and vagina

Question 29

what are some common diseases from S. aureus

Answer 29

food poisoning skin infections toxic shock syndrome

Question 30

what are some characteristics of S. aureus food poisoning

Answer 30

probs the most common FP it is intoxication causes vomiting an diarrhea

Question 31

what is the virulence factor of S. aureus food poisoning

Answer 31

enterotoxin

Question 32

what is the SpA protein

Answer 32

it binds to Fc region of antibodies and prevents phagocytosis binds to Bcell receptors and causes cell death

Question 33

what are some common skin infections caused by S. aureus

Answer 33

Impetigo: crusty lesions on face Carbuncle: abcesses

Question 34

what is TSS

Answer 34

when absorbant tampons create an environment with increased oxygen levels , results in TSST1

Question 35

symptoms of TSS

Answer 35

high fever low blood pressure rash

Question 36

what are some characteristics of Salmonella typhi

Answer 36

"typhoid fever" gram negative aquired from contaminated food or water

Question 37

what is the virulence of Salmonella typhi

Answer 37

T3SS and AB toxin

Question 38

what does S. typhi result in

Answer 38

a severe systemic disease -fever, chills, headache, muscle pain

Question 39

what are carriers of S. typhi

Answer 39

when people recover from Typhoid but continue to be colonized, it can persist within the gall bladder