Class 8 Flashcards by Tia Brunelle

What are the features of the Occipital bone?

• external occipital protuberance (inion)
• foramen magnum
• occipital condyles
• superior nuchal line
• inferior nuchal line

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What are the features of the Nasal bones?

• bridge of the nose

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What are the features of the Maxillae?

• frontal process
• zygomatic process
• orbital surface
• alveolar processes
• infraorbital foramen – exit of infraorbital nerve
• palatine process

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What is the Maxillae?

• skeleton of face between mouth and eyes

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What are the Zygomatic bones?

• cheek bones

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Key features of the Zygomatic bones?

• anterolateral & infra orbital margins
• temporal process (of zygomatic bone)

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What is the Ethmoid bone?

• separates nasal cavity from brain
• located at roof of nose between orbits
• crista galli – ridge of bone projecting superiorly- attachment for falx cerebri (arched fold of dura mater which separates right & left hemispheres of brain descends in longitudinal fissure)
• cribriform plate
• perpendicular plate – forms posterior & superior part of nasal septum

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What is the crista galli of Ethmoid bone?

Ridge of bone projecting superiorly - attachment for falx cerebri (arched fold of dura mater which separates right & left hemispheres of brain descends in longitudinal fissure)

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What is the perpendicular plate of Ethmoid bone?

Forms posterior & superior part of nasal septum

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What are the key features of sutures?

• coronal suture
• sagittal suture
• bregma: meeting point between coronal & sagittal sutures
• squamous suture - joint between temporal & parietal bones
• lambdoid suture
• lambda: meeting point of lambdoid & sagittal sutures
• pterion: connection between sphenoid, temporal, frontal & parietal bones

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What is the bregma of sutures?

meeting point between coronal & sagittal sutures

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What is the squamous suture?

joint between temporal & parietal bones

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What is the lambda of sutures?

meeting point of lambdoid & sagittal sutures

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What is the pterion of sutures?

connection between sphenoid, temporal, frontal & parietal bones

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Coronal Suture is the dividing line between the ______________________ and the ______________________.

frontal bone and the parietal bone

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What is the orbital socket?

• eye socket
• cone-shaped cavity
• made of many bones
• optic canal

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What is the key features of the orbital socket?

• posterior wall - sphenoid
• floor - maxillae
• roof - frontal
• lateral wall - zygomatic
• medial wall - ethmoid

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What are the Sinuses?

• frontal (2)
• sphenoidal (2)
• ethmoidal (2)
• maxillary (2) (largest)

• air travelling through sinuses is either warmed or cooled to within 1 deg of body temp
• there are short, thick hairs called vibrassae which help to move particulate matter - (dust etc)

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What are vibrassae?

Short, thick hairs - help to move particulate matter (dust etc)

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What is The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)?

• head/condyle of mandible articulates with mandibular fossa & articular tubercle of temporal bone
• synovial
• modified hinge

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What is the Articular Disc (Temporomandibular Joint)?

• fibrocartilagenous disc sits between head of mandible &
temporal bone (2 articulating surfaces)
• connected to joint capsule (capsule is quite loose & thin)
• follows movements of mandible
• attached to disc posteriorly is the retrodiscal pad - helps maintain proper positioning of disc

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What are the ligaments of the temporomandibular joint?

• joint is supported by capsule
• capsule thickens laterally to form lateral (temporomandibular) ligament
• stylomandibular ligament
• sphenomandibular ligament

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What are the available movements of the temporomandibular joint?

• depression: opening mouth
• elevation: closing mouth
• protraction/protrusion: anterior translation of mandible
• retraction/retrusion: posterior translation of mandible
• deviation: movement from side to side

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What are the Attachments of Temporalis?

• superior attachment: temporal bone (fossa)
• inferior attachment: coronoid process & anterior ramus

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What are the Actions of Temporalis?

• action: elevation of mandible • action: retraction of mandible (more horizontal/posterior fibres)

What are the attachments of the Masseter?

• note: superficial & deep fibres • superior attachment: inferior border of zygomatic arch • inferior attachment: angle of mandible

What are the actions of the Masseter?

• action: elevation of mandible • action: (superficial fibres) protraction of mandible • action (deep fibres): retraction of mandible (from protracted position)

What are the attachments of the Lateral pterygoid?

• note: superior head & inferior head • anterior attachment: greater wing of sphenoid (superior head) & lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (inferior head) • posterior attachment: neck of mandible (inferior head), articular disc (superior head)

What are the actions of the Lateral pterygoid?

• action: protraction of mandible • action: translational (anterior/posterior) control of articular disc (superior head) • action: depression of mandible (inferior head) (once translation occurs) • action: contralateral deviation of mandible

What are the attachments of the Medial pterygoid?

• anterior attachment: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate • inferior attachment: pterygoid tuberosity (inner surface of angle of mandible)

What are the actions of the Medial pterygoid?

• action: elevation of mandible • action: protrusion of mandible • action: contralateral deviation of mandible

What are the actions of Hyoids?

• action (hyoid fixed): assist in depression of mandible

What are the muscles of mastication that do depression?

• hyoids • lateral pterygoid (inferior head) (once translation occurs)

What are the muscles of mastication that do Elevation?

• temporalis • masseter • medial pterygoid • lateral pterygoid (superior head) (eccentric control of disc return)

What are the muscles of mastication that do Protrusion?

• masseter (superficial fibres) • lateral pterygoid • medial pterygoid

What are the muscles of mastication that do Retrusion?

• temporalis (posterior fibres) • masseter (deep fibres)

What are the muscles of mastication that do Deviation?

• contralateral pterygoids

What are the Biomechanics of the TMJ (Depression (opening the mouth)?

• beginning to midrange of motion is primarily anterior sagittal rotation of head of mandible in mandibular fossa • midrange to end range is primarily anterior translation of head of mandible from fossa onto articular tubercle • as translation occurs, articular disc is pulled anteriorly by superior head of lateral pterygoid to maintain joint surface congruency • muscles activated include: digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, & when translation occurs, inferior head of lateral pterygoid

What are the Biomechanics of the TMJ (Elevation (closing the mouth)?

• posterior translation of mandibular head from articular tubercle to fossa followed by posterior sagittal rotation of mandibular head in mandibular fossa • as mouth closes, disc is pulled back into position by elastic fibres that attach to back of disc – movement is controlled (eccentrically) by superior head of lateral pterygoid • muscles activated include: masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis, superior portion of lateral pterygoid

What are the Biomechanics of the TMJ (Deviation)?

• muscles activated include: contralateral medial pterygoid, contralateral lateral pterygoid

What are the Biomechanics of the TMJ (Protraction)?

• medial pterygoid, masseter, lateral pterygoid

What are the Biomechanics of the TMJ (Retraction)?

• temporalis, & deep fibres of masseter

What is a Close packed position of TMJ?

• maximal occlusion

What is a Resting position of TMJ?

• teeth 2-5mm apart with the tip of tongue resting behind front teeth on roof of mouth

What is OCCIPITOFRONTALIS?

• occipitalis (2 bellies): superior nuchal line - epicranial aponeurosis • frontalis (2 bellies): skin near eyebrows - epicranial aponeurosis • action: occipitalis anchors aponeurosis so that frontalis can pull eyebrows up

What is ORBICULARIS OCULI?

• sphincter of the eye – contraction closes eyelids • helps to empty lacrimal (tear) sac (tearing)

What is Corrugator supercilii?

• draws eyebrows inferiorly & medially

What is Levator labii superioris?

• raises upper lip

What is Levator labii superioris aleque nasi?

Levator labii superioris aleque nasi

What is Zygomaticus minor?

• raises upper lip

What is ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR?

• draws angle of mouth superolaterally

What is ORBICULARIS ORIS?

• sphincter of the mouth • fibres are derived from other muscles • closes the lips • protrudes lips • compresses lips against teeth

What is MENTALIS?

• raises & protrudes lower lip

What is Depressor labii inferioris?

• draws lip inferiorly & slightly laterally

What is Depressor anguli oris?

• depresses corner of the mouth

What is BUCCINATOR?

• compresses cheek against molar teeth when chewing (keeps food where teeth can grind it) • helps with whistling (forceful blowing)

What is PLATYSMA?

• retracts & depresses angle of the mouth

What is the Auricularis anterior?

• draws ear up & forward

What is the Auricularis superior?

• draws ear up

What is the Auricularis posterior?

• draws ear back

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Occipitofrontalis = _____________________

Surprise

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Orbicularis oculi = _____________________

Squinting & winking

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Corrugator supercilii = _____________________

Frowning

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Levator labii superioris = _____________________

Snarling

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Levator labii superioris aleque nasi = _____________________

Stank face

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Zygomaticus minor = _____________________

Elvis

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Zygomaticus major = _____________________

Smiling

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Orbicularis oris = _____________________

Kissing & whistling

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Mentalis = _____________________

Pouting

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Mentalis = _____________________

Pouting

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Depressor labii inferioris = _____________________

Yikes

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Depressor anguli oris = _____________________

Sad

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Platysma = _____________________

Creature from black lagoon

Class 8 Flashcards

(73 cards)