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Anatomy T2 > Class 3 > Flashcards

Class 3 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Ribs 1, 11, 12 articulate with only ______________________.

A

1 vertebral body (the numerically corresponding vertebra)

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2
Q

Atypical ribs (Rib 1) key features

A

• many structures cross and/or attach to it
• scalene tubercle – where anterior scalene muscle attaches
• grooves for subclavian artery and vein

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3
Q

Atypical ribs (Rib 11&12) key features

A

• floating ribs
• small facet on the head of the rib
• no neck, no tubercle

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4
Q

What are typical ribs?

A

• 2-10
• articulates with numerically corresponding vertebral body, IVD and vertebra above

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5
Q

What are typical vertebral bodies?

A

• 2-9
• has 2 demi facets for articulation with 2 different ribs
• superior demi facet articulates with rib of same number
• inferior demi facet articulates with rib just inferior

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6
Q

What are atypical ribs?

A

• 1, 11, 12
• not connected to disc
• articulate with numerically corresponding vertebral body only
• 1 does articulate with corresponding TVP, 11 & 12 do not

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7
Q

What are atypical vertebral bodies?

A

• 1, 10, 11, 12
• T1 has complete superior facet and demi-facet inferiorly
• T10-12 have only one facet surface on each side

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8
Q

Vertebral characteristics for cervical spine

A

•uncinate processes
•bifid SPs
•transverse foramen
•oblique facet orientation

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9
Q

Vertebral characteristics for thoracic spine

A

•two costal demi-facets on the body (per side)
•costal facets on TVPs
•SPs that point down
•facet orientation tends to be in frontal/coronal plane

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10
Q

Vertebral characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

A

•large bodies
•large SPs projecting horizontally
•facet orientation tends to be in sagittal plane

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11
Q

Relationship of scapula and thorax

A

• superior angle landmarks rib 2
• root of the spine of scapula landmarks rib 3
• inferior angle landmarks rib 7 or 8

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12
Q

The vertebrae from C2-S1 articulate with _____________________________ and ________________________.

A

one another at joints between their bodies and between their articular processes (with facets)

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13
Q

Key features of intervertebra) joints

A

• designed for strength and weight bearing
• cartilaginous joints
• adjacent vertebrae are connected by IVDs

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14
Q

Cranialvertebral don’t have ____________.

A

No IVDs

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15
Q

Key features of Atlanto-Occipital joint?

A

• superior articular facets on the lateral masses of C1 articulate with the occipital
condyles of the skull
• synovial
• condyloid

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16
Q

Atlanto-Occipital joint available movements

A

• flexion of head on neck
• extension of head on neck
• lateral flexion of head on neck

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17
Q

Atlanto-Occipital joint ligaments

A

• Atlanto-occipital membrane

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18
Q

Key features of Atlanto-Axial joint (dens)

A

• articular facet (for the dens) of C1 articulates with dens (anterior) of C2
• C1 rotates on it
• synovial
• pivot joint

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19
Q

Atlanto-Axial joint (dens) available movements

A

• rotation

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20
Q

What is the transverse ligament of the atlas?

A

• holds dens of C2 against anterior arch of C1

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21
Q

What is the cruciate/cruciform ligament

A

• bands travel from transverse ligament superiorly to occipital bone and inferiorly to body of C2

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22
Q

What are alar ligaments?

A

• dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum

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23
Q

What is the apical ligament?

A

• dens to anterior margin of foramen magnum

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24
Q

What is the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)

A

• travels/is anchored to posterior aspect of vertebral bodies and IVDs from sacrum to C2
• checks hyperflexion of spine
• prevents posterior protrusion of IVD
• most superior part is tectorial membrane which attaches onto occiput

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25
What is the anterior longitudinal ligament?
• travels/is anchored to anterior aspect of vertebral bodies and IVDs from sacrum to occiput • checks hyperextension of spine • stabilizes intervertebral joints
26
What are facet joints?
Inferior articular facet of one vertebra articulates with superior articular facet of next inferior vertebra • synovial • plane
27
Orientation of Facet Joints
• cervical facets: oblique (higher anteriorly) • thoracic facets: more in frontal plane • lumbar facets: more in sagittal plane
28
Available movements of facet joints
• flexion • extension • rotation (right, left) • lateral flexion (right, left)
29
Factors affecting ROM in facet joints
• size and shape of IVDs • angle of facet joints • laxity of ligaments/joint capsules
30
What is the Ligamenta Flava (Ligamentum flavum) (Yellow ligament)?
• lamina to lamina from sacrum up to C1 • helps preserve normal curves • helps return spine to normal position after flexion
31
What is the Interspinous ligaments?
• between SPs • limit flexion • preventing excessive forward flexion
32
What is the Supraspinous ligaments?
• posteriorly along tips of SPs from C7 to sacrum • limits flexion
33
What is the Ligamentum Nuchae aka Nuchal ligament?
• from C7 to back of skull • thickening of interspinous/supraspinous ligaments
34
What is the sternoclavicular joint?
• Only ‘bony’ articulation between upper limb and axial skeleton • clavicle articulates with manubrium and costal cartilage of 1st rib • synovial • saddle • joint surfaces are separated by fibrocartilagenous articular disc which acts as shock absorber for forces along clavicle
35
Available movements of sternoclavicular joint?
• elevation/depression • protraction/retraction • rotation
36
What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?
•Costoclavicular ligament •Interclavicular ligament •Sternoclavicular ligament
37
Key features of costoclavicular ligament?
• first rib to sternal end of clavicle • checks all movements of clavicle except inferior
38
Key features of the interclavicular ligament?
• connects 2 SC joints across the manubrium
39
Key features of the sternoclavicular ligament?
• anterior and posterior
40
What are the joints of the sternum?
• Manubriosternal joint • Xiphisternal joint
41
Key features of the Manubriosternal joint
• manubrium articulates with body of sternum • cartilaginous • some movement during respiration
42
Key features of the Manubriosternal joint
• manubrium articulates with body of sternum • cartilaginous • some movement during respiration
43
Key features of the Xiphisternal joint?
• body of sternum articulates with xiphoid process • cartilaginous
44
What are the joints of the thorax?
• Chondrosternal joints • Costochondral joints • Interchondral joints • Costovertebral joints • Costotransverse joints
45
Key features of chondrosternal joints?
• cartilages of first 7 ribs and costal notches on lateral borders of sternum • rib 1 and manubrium: cartilaginous • ribs 2-7: synovial Ligaments: • radiate sternocostal ligaments
46
Key features of costochondral joints
• cartilaginous • lateral end of each costal cartilage fits into cup-shaped anterior end of its associated rib • no ligaments – supported/bound together by periosteum
47
Key features of interchondral joints
• adjacent borders of costal cartilages articulate • synovial • supported by interchondral ligaments
48
Key features of costovertebral joints?
• head of rib articulates with facets on side of vertebral body • superior facet of head articulates with inferior facet of superior vertebral body • inferior facet on head articulates with superior facet on vertebral body of same number • plane • synovial Ligaments: Radiate ligament • head of rib to 2 vertebral bodies and disc in between
49
Key features of costotransverse joints
• facet on tubercle of rib articulates with costal facet on associated TVP • synovial • plane Ligaments: Costotransverse ligaments Superior • neck of rib to next superior TVP Lateral • tubercle of rib to associated TVP
50
Key features of the superficial layer (extrinsic) of back musculature
• connect upper limb to trunk • trapezius (upper, middle, lower) • latissimus dorsi • levator scapula • rhomboid major (minor)
51
Key features of the Intermediate layer (intrinsic) of back musculature
• 2 muscles on the posterior thorax • accessory muscles of respiration • serratus posterior superior • serratus posterior inferior
52
Key features of the Deep muscles (intrinsic) of back musculature
• maintain posture and move spine/head • 3 layers (superficial, intermediate, deep)
53
What are the muscles of the Superficial layer (of the deep muscles)?
• splenius capitis • splenius cervicis
54
What are the muscles of the Intermediate layer (of the deep muscles)?
• 3 columns of muscles collectively called erector spinae (a.k.a. paraspinals) • medial to lateral, they are… (a) spinalis (b) longissimus (c) iliocostalis
55
What are the muscles of the Deep layer (of the deep muscles?
Superomedial fibre direction: • found in groove between spinous and transverse processes (laminar groove) • attach from transverse processes to spinous processes (of more superior vertebrae) • collectively called transversospinalis muscles • from superficial to deep, they are… 1. semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis) 2. multifidus 3. rotatores Vertical fibre direction: 1. interspinales 2. intertransversarii
56
What is the serratus posterior superior muscle?
• Intermediate layer (intrinsic) • deep to rhomboids (sharing same fibre direction) • superficial to erector spinae • medial attachment: SPs of C7-T3 • lateral attachment: superior borders of ribs 2-5 • action: elevates ribs 2-5, during inspiration
57
What is the serratus posterior inferior muscle?
• Intermediate layer (intrinsic) • deep to latissimus/thoracolumbar fascia • superficial to erector spinae • medial attachment: SPs of T11 – L2 • lateral attachment: lower 4 ribs • action: draws ribs down and back during forced expiration
58
What is the splenius capitis muscle?
• Superficial layer (of deep muscles) • inferior attachment: SPs of C4 – T2 • superior attachment: mastoid process and lateral superior nuchal line • action: unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation of head and neck • action: bilateral contraction: extension of head and neck
59
What is the splenius cervicis muscle?
• Superficial layer (of deep muscles) • inferior attachment: SPs of T3 – T5 • superior attachment: C1 – C4 TVPs (posterior tubercles) • action: unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation • action: bilateral contraction: extension of neck
60
Ligamenta Flava (Ligamentum flavum) (Yellow ligament) yellowing is caused by ___________________.
Elastin

Anatomy T2 (11 decks)

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