Class 9: Integration

Question 1

3 main metabolic junctions:

Answer 1

Glucose-6-phosphate

Pyruvate

Acetyl CoA

Question 2

1 metabolic player

Processes ALL incoming nutrients

Answer 2

Liver

Question 3

Liver primarily depends on __________ for its own energy needs

Answer 3

ß-oxidation of FAs

Question 4

Liver stores minimal glycogen… does it fat?

Answer 4

No, liver is not a fat storage organ

Question 5

How are FAs transported in the blood?

Answer 5

Lipoproteins

Question 6

ATP exhausted in 1-2 s

Answer 6

Phosphagen system

Question 7

Anaerobic exercise lasting ~10 s

Answer 7

Phosphocreatine

Question 8

Exercise lasts 1-2 min.

Answer 8

Glycolysis

Question 9

Helps to regenerate glucose from lactate

Answer 9

Cori cycle

Question 10

What does heart use for energy metabolism?

Answer 10

Lactate and FAs

Question 11

Brain uses approximately ______ of total O2 consumed by resting human

Answer 11

20%

Question 12

What happens when there is lack of O2 in the tissue?

Answer 12

Imbalance of cellular respiration, back up of Ox phos, TCA, and glycolysis halted

Question 13

What is a hormone that is inhibited by insulin?

Answer 13

Gluconeogenesis

Question 14

Insulin receptor is a:

Answer 14

RTK [receptor tyrosine kinase]

Question 15

Epi and glucagon are:

Answer 15

GCPR

Glucagon for low BG

EPI for fight/flight/exercise

Question 16

When’s there’s high energy (HIGH ATP, LOW NADH and HIGH NAD) DHAP is favored and is converted to glycerol-3-phosphate-TAGs

In the lover

What condition can occur?

Answer 16

Alcoholic fatty liver

Question 17

Full metabolism of ethanol not reached-largely seen in people of asian descent

Answer 17

Alcohol intolerance

Question 18

The cellular energy sensor-phosphorylates many targets controlling cellular energy production

Inactivated when ATP is high

Activated when ATP is low

Answer 18

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)

Question 19

Hormone tells you to stop eating.

Released from fat and signals hypothalamus that you’re full

Answer 19

Leptin

Question 20

What is a hormonal issue that could cause obesity?

Answer 20

Lepton resistance

Question 21

Lepton signaling is similar to :

Answer 21

Insulin signaling

Question 22

It may be possible to live longer with what practice?

Answer 22

Caloric restriction

Question 23

These are NAD+dependent protein deacetylases

Tissue NAD+/NADH ratio controls sirtuin protein deacetylase activity

Nicotinamide and NADH are inhibitors of the deacetylase reaction

Answer 23

Sirtuins

Question 24

Why is NAD+ a good thing to have?

Answer 24

This redox state will be able to handle reactive oxidation state.

Question 25

What may the basis of french paradox of living longer w/ high fat diet?

Answer 25

Resveratrol