Class and MOA

Question 1

What drugs are in the Alkylating Agents class?

Answer 1

Drugs in this class are:
- Cyclophosphamide
- lfosfamide
- Busulfan
- Melphalan
- Bendamustine

Question 2

What is the class and MOA of Cyclophosphamide?

Answer 2

This drug in the following class:
- Alkylating Agents

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Alkylates and cross-links DNA preventing DNA synthesis and cell division

Question 3

What is the class and MOA of lfosfamide?

Answer 3

This drug in the following class:
- Alkylating Agents

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Alkylates and cross-links DNA preventing DNA synthesis and cell division

Question 4

What is the class and MOA of Busulfan?

Answer 4

This drug in the following class:
- Alkylating Agents

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Alkylates and cross-links DNA preventing DNA synthesis and cell division

Question 5

What is the class and MOA of Melphalan?

Answer 5

This drug in the following class:
- Alkylating Agents

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Alkylates and cross-links DNA preventing DNA synthesis and cell division

Question 6

What is the class and MOA of Bendamustine?

Answer 6

This drug in the following class:
- Alkylating Agents

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Alkylates and cross-links DNA preventing DNA synthesis and cell division

Question 7

What drugs are in the Anti-Androgens class?

Answer 7

Drugs in this class are:
- Flutamide
- Abiraterone acetate
- Apalutamide
- Bicalutamide
- Enzalutamide
- Nilutamide
- Darolutamide

Question 8

What is the class and MOA of Flutamide?

Answer 8

This drug in the following class:
- Anti-Androgens

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Non-steroidal anti-androgen that inhibits androgen uptake and inhibits binding of androgen in target tissues

Question 9

What is the class and MOA of Abiraterone acetate?

Answer 9

This drug in the following class:
- Anti-Androgens

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Selectively and irreversibly inhibits CYP17 an enzyme required for biosynthesis and inhibits the formation of testosterone

Question 10

What is the class and MOA of Apalutamide?

Answer 10

This drug in the following class:
- Anti-Androgens

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist

Question 11

What is the class and MOA of Bicalutamide?

Answer 11

This drug in the following class:
- Anti-Androgens

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Non-steroidal anti-androgen that inhibits androgen uptake and inhibits binding of androgen in target tissues

Question 12

What is the class and MOA of Enzalutamide?

Answer 12

This drug in the following class:
- Anti-Androgens

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Pure androgen receptor signaling inhibitor

Question 13

What is the class and MOA of Nilutamide?

Answer 13

This drug in the following class:
- Anti-Androgens

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Non-steroidal anti-androgen that inhibits androgen uptake and inhibits binding of androgen in target tissues

Question 14

What is the class and MOA of Darolutamide?

Answer 14

This drug in the following class:
- Anti-Androgens

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Competitive androgen receptor inhibitor, also inhibits androgen receptor translocation and androgen receptor-mediated transcription

Question 15

What drugs are in the VEGF Inhibitors class?

Answer 15

Drugs in this class are:
- Axitinib
- Cabozantinib
- Lenvatinib
- Vandetanib
- Pazopanib
- Regorafenib
- Sorafenib
- Sunitinib

Question 16

What is the class and MOA of Axitinib?

Answer 16

This drug in the following class:
- VEGF Inhibitors

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Binds to VEGF and other endothelial growth factors receptors on endothelial cells blocking signals that promote the growth and survival of new blood vessels

Question 17

What is the class and MOA of Cabozantinib?

Answer 17

This drug in the following class:
- VEGF Inhibitors

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Binds to VEGF and other endothelial growth factors receptors on endothelial cells blocking signals that promote the growth and survival of new blood vessels

Question 18

What is the class and MOA of Lenvatinib?

Answer 18

This drug in the following class:
- VEGF Inhibitors

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Binds to VEGF and other endothelial growth factors receptors on endothelial cells blocking signals that promote the growth and survival of new blood vessels

Question 19

What is the class and MOA of Vandetanib?

Answer 19

This drug in the following class:
- VEGF Inhibitors

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Binds to VEGF and other endothelial growth factors receptors on endothelial cells blocking signals that promote the growth and survival of new blood vessels

Question 20

What is the class and MOA of Pazopanib?

Answer 20

This drug in the following class:
- VEGF Inhibitors

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Binds to VEGF and other endothelial growth factors receptors on endothelial cells blocking signals that promote the growth and survival of new blood vessels

Question 21

What is the class and MOA of Regorafenib?

Answer 21

This drug in the following class:
- VEGF Inhibitors

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Binds to VEGF and other endothelial growth factors receptors on endothelial cells blocking signals that promote the growth and survival of new blood vessels

Question 22

What is the class and MOA of Sorafenib?

Answer 22

This drug in the following class:
- VEGF Inhibitors

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Binds to VEGF and other endothelial growth factors receptors on endothelial cells blocking signals that promote the growth and survival of new blood vessels

Question 23

What is the class and MOA of Sunitinib?

Answer 23

This drug in the following class:
- VEGF Inhibitors

This drug’s MOA is as follows:
- Binds to VEGF and other endothelial growth factors receptors on endothelial cells blocking signals that promote the growth and survival of new blood vessels

Question 24

What drugs are in the EGFR Inhibitors class?

Answer 24

Drugs in this class are (not all inclusive):
- Gefitinib
- Erlotinib
- Osimertinib
- Afatinib

Question 25

What is the class and MOA of Gefitinib?

Answer 25

This drug in the following class: - EGFR Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - EGFR inhibitors are highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors that covalently bind to epidermal growth factor receptors and irreversibly inhibit tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and downregulate EGFR signaling preventing cell growth.

Question 26

What is the class and MOA of Erlotinib?

Answer 26

This drug in the following class: - EGFR Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - EGFR inhibitors are highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors that covalently bind to epidermal growth factor receptors and irreversibly inhibit tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and downregulate EGFR signaling preventing cell growth.

Question 27

What is the class and MOA of Osimertinib?

Answer 27

This drug in the following class: - EGFR Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - EGFR inhibitors are highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors that covalently bind to epidermal growth factor receptors and irreversibly inhibit tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and downregulate EGFR signaling preventing cell growth.

Question 28

What is the class and MOA of Afatinib?

Answer 28

This drug in the following class: - EGFR Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - EGFR inhibitors are highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors that covalently bind to epidermal growth factor receptors and irreversibly inhibit tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and downregulate EGFR signaling preventing cell growth.

Question 29

What drugs are in the BRAF Inhibitors class?

Answer 29

Drugs in this class are: - Dabrafenib - Vemurafenib - Encorafenib

Question 30

What is the class and MOA of Dabrafenib?

Answer 30

This drug in the following class: - BRAF Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - Selectively targets mutated forms BRAF kinase (V600-) and interferes with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that regulates the proliferation and survival of melanoma cells.

Question 31

What is the class and MOA of Vemurafenib?

Answer 31

This drug in the following class: - BRAF Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - Selectively targets mutated forms BRAF kinase (V600-) and interferes with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that regulates the proliferation and survival of melanoma cells.

Question 32

What is the class and MOA of Encorafenib?

Answer 32

This drug in the following class: - BRAF Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - Selectively targets mutated forms BRAF kinase (V600-) and interferes with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that regulates the proliferation and survival of melanoma cells.

Question 33

What drugs are in the BCR-ABL TKIs class?

Answer 33

Drugs in this class are: - Bosutinib - Dasatinib - lmatinib - Nilotinib - Ponatinib - Asciminib

Question 34

What is the class and MOA of Bosutinib?

Answer 34

This drug in the following class: - BCR-ABL TKIs This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase - the abnormal gene product of the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 35

What is the class and MOA of Dasatinib?

Answer 35

This drug in the following class: - BCR-ABL TKIs This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase - the abnormal gene product of the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 36

What is the class and MOA of lmatinib?

Answer 36

This drug in the following class: - BCR-ABL TKIs This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase - the abnormal gene product of the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 37

What is the class and MOA of Nilotinib?

Answer 37

This drug in the following class: - BCR-ABL TKIs This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase - the abnormal gene product of the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 38

What is the class and MOA of Ponatinib?

Answer 38

This drug in the following class: - BCR-ABL TKIs This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase - the abnormal gene product of the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 39

What is the class and MOA of Asciminib?

Answer 39

This drug in the following class: - BCR-ABL TKIs This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase - the abnormal gene product of the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia - This drug is a novel first in class STAMP (Specifically Targeting the ASL Myristoyl Pocket) inhibitor. This drug potently inhibits ABL1 kinase activity of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein via allosteric binding to the ASL myristoyl pocket.

Question 40

What drugs are in the Somatostatin Analogs class?

Answer 40

Drugs in this class are: - Octreotide - Lanreotide

Question 41

What is the class and MOA of Octreotide?

Answer 41

This drug in the following class: - Somatostatin Analogs This drug's MOA is as follows: - Mimics natural somatostatin by inhibiting serotonin release and the secretion of gastrin, VIP, insulin, glucagon, secretin, motilin, and pancreatic polypeptide - Control symptoms that result from release of peptides and neuroamines from neuroendocrine tumors and help control the disease itself

Question 42

What is the class and MOA of Lanreotide?

Answer 42

This drug in the following class: - Somatostatin Analogs This drug's MOA is as follows: - Mimics natural somatostatin by inhibiting serotonin release and the secretion of gastrin, VIP, insulin, glucagon, secretin, motilin, and pancreatic polypeptide - Control symptoms that result from release of peptides and neuroamines from neuroendocrine tumors and help control the disease itself

Question 43

What is the MOA of Tretinoin?

Answer 43

This drug's MOA is as follows: - Binds one or more nuclear receptors and decreases proliferation and induces differentiation of APL cells

Question 44

What is the MOA of Arsenic Trioxide?

Answer 44

This drug's MOA is as follows: - Induces apoptosis in APL cells via DNA fragmentation and damages the fusion protein: promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha

Question 45

What is the MOA of Hydroxyurea?

Answer 45

This drug's MOA is as follows: - Antimetabolite that selectively inhibits ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase and interferes with DNA repair. - In sickle cell anemia, this drug increases hemoglobin F levels.

Question 46

What is the general MOA of the Monoclonal Antibodies class?

Answer 46

The MOA of this drug class is as follows: - Bind to specific targets (immune cells. cell receptors. tumor molecules. etc.) to exert anti-tumor effects, the specific target varies per antibody. - This leads to very specific anti-tumor effects using biologic agents.

Question 47

What drugs are in the Anti-PD-1 class?

Answer 47

Drugs in this class are: - Nivolumab - Pembrolizumab - Cemiplimab - Dostarlimab - Retifanlimab - Nivolumab+Relatlimab

Question 48

What drugs are in the Anti-PD-L1 class?

Answer 48

Drugs in this class are: - Atezolizumab - Avelumab - Durvalumab

Question 49

What drugs are in the Anti-CTLA4?

Answer 49

Drugs in this class are: - lpilimumab - Tremelimumab

Question 50

What is the class and MOA of Nivolumab?

Answer 50

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-PD-1 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 51

What is the class and MOA of Pembrolizumab?

Answer 51

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-PD-1 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 52

What is the class and MOA of Cemiplimab?

Answer 52

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-PD-1 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 53

What is the class and MOA of Dostarlimab?

Answer 53

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-PD-1 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 54

What is the class and MOA of Retifanlimab?

Answer 54

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-PD-1 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 55

What is the class and MOA of Nivolumab+Relatlimab?

Answer 55

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-PD-1 + Anti-LAG-3 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 56

What is the class and MOA of Atezolizumab?

Answer 56

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-PD-L1 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 57

What is the class and MOA of Avelumab?

Answer 57

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-PD-L1 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 58

What is the class and MOA of Durvalumab?

Answer 58

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-PD-L1 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 59

What is the class and MOA of lpilimumab?

Answer 59

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-CTLA4 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 60

What is the class and MOA of Tremelimumab?

Answer 60

This drug in the following class: - Immunotherapy - Anti-CTLA4 This drug's MOA is as follows: - Immune checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals of T-cell activation, which enables tumor- reactive T-cells to overcome regulatory mechanisms and mount an effective antitumor response.

Question 61

What drugs are in the Immune Modulators (IMiDs) class?

Answer 61

Drugs in this class are: - Lenalidomide - Pomalidomide - Thalidomide

Question 62

What is the class and MOA of Lenalidomide?

Answer 62

This drug in the following class: - Immune Modulators (IMiDs) This drug's MOA is as follows: - The mechanism of action is still under investigation but it is believed to exert direct cytotoxic effects on the tumor cells causing apoptosis

Question 63

What is the class and MOA of Pomalidomide?

Answer 63

This drug in the following class: - Immune Modulators (IMiDs) This drug's MOA is as follows: - The mechanism of action is still under investigation but it is believed to exert direct cytotoxic effects on the tumor cells causing apoptosis

Question 64

What is the class and MOA of Thalidomide?

Answer 64

This drug in the following class: - Immune Modulators (IMiDs) This drug's MOA is as follows: - The mechanism of action is still under investigation but it is believed to exert direct cytotoxic effects on the tumor cells causing apoptosis

Question 65

What drugs are in the GNRH Agonists class?

Answer 65

Drugs in this class are: - Triptorelin - Goserelin - Leuprolide - Histrelin

Question 66

What is the class and MOA of Triptorelin?

Answer 66

This drug in the following class: - GNRH Agonists This drug's MOA is as follows: - Agonist analog of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and causes suppression of ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis due to decreased levels of LH and FSH (after initial increase during initiation phase) with subsequent decrease in testosterone (male) and estrogen (female) levels.

Question 67

What is the class and MOA of Goserelin?

Answer 67

This drug in the following class: - GNRH Agonists This drug's MOA is as follows: - Agonist analog of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and causes suppression of ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis due to decreased levels of LH and FSH (after initial increase during initiation phase) with subsequent decrease in testosterone (male) and estrogen (female) levels.

Question 68

What is the class and MOA of Leuprolide?

Answer 68

This drug in the following class: - GNRH Agonists This drug's MOA is as follows: - Agonist analog of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and causes suppression of ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis due to decreased levels of LH and FSH (after initial increase during initiation phase) with subsequent decrease in testosterone (male) and estrogen (female) levels.

Question 69

What is the class and MOA of Histrelin?

Answer 69

This drug in the following class: - GNRH Agonists This drug's MOA is as follows: - Agonist analog of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and causes suppression of ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis due to decreased levels of LH and FSH (after initial increase during initiation phase) with subsequent decrease in testosterone (male) and estrogen (female) levels.

Question 70

What drugs are in the Estrogen Receptor Antagonists class?

Answer 70

Drugs in this class are: - Tamoxifen - Fulvestrant - Elacestrant - Toremifene

Question 71

What is the class and MOA of Tamoxifen?

Answer 71

This drug in the following class: - Estrogen Receptor Antagonists This drug's MOA is as follows: - Binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other tissue targets inhibiting estrogens effects and thus tumor growth

Question 72

What is the class and MOA of Fulvestrant?

Answer 72

This drug in the following class: - Estrogen Receptor Antagonists This drug's MOA is as follows: - Binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other tissue targets inhibiting estrogens effects and thus tumor growth

Question 73

What is the class and MOA of Elacestrant?

Answer 73

This drug in the following class: - Estrogen Receptor Antagonists - Selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) This drug's MOA is as follows: - Elacestrant is an estrogen receptor antagonist and nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), which degrades estrogen receptor alpha in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibits estradiol-dependent estrogen-receptor directed gene transcription and tumor growth.

Question 74

What is the class and MOA of Toremifene?

Answer 74

This drug in the following class: - Estrogen Receptor Antagonists This drug's MOA is as follows: - Binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other tissue targets inhibiting estrogens effects and thus tumor growth

Question 75

What drugs are in the Aromatase Inhibitors class?

Answer 75

Drugs in this class are: - Anastrozole - Exemestane - Letrozole

Question 76

What is the class and MOA of Anastrozole?

Answer 76

This drug in the following class: - Aromatase Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits aromatase which is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, this leads to a significant decrease in circulating estrogen. - This thus reduces estrogen mediated stimulation of breast cancer tissue - This one is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor - it decreases estrogen synthesis without compromising adrenal steroid synthesis

Question 77

What is the class and MOA of Exemestane?

Answer 77

This drug in the following class: - Aromatase Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits aromatase which is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, this leads to a significant decrease in circulating estrogen. - This thus reduces estrogen mediated stimulation of breast cancer tissue - This one is a steroidal aromatase inhibitor - it has a similar structure to androgen and irreversibly binds to aromatase

Question 78

What is the class and MOA of Letrozole?

Answer 78

This drug in the following class: - Aromatase Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits aromatase which is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, this leads to a significant decrease in circulating estrogen. - This thus reduces estrogen mediated stimulation of breast cancer tissue - This one is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor - it decreases estrogen synthesis without compromising adrenal steroid synthesis

Question 79

What drugs are in the Topoisomerase Inhibitors class?

Answer 79

Drugs in this class are: - lrinotecan - Topotecan - Etoposide - Teniposide - Mitoxantrone

Question 80

What is the class and MOA of lrinotecan?

Answer 80

This drug in the following class: - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - Topoisomerase is an essential enzyme found in all nucleated cells and is responsible for the regulation of DNA topology. - DNA is wound around basic proteins called histones and supercoiled however, DNA must be relaxed before it can be copied. Topoisomerase I introduces single stranded nicks into DNA to allow DNA relaxation. - In the presence of topoisomerase inhibitors, these nicks remain and the DNA is damaged causing cell death.

Question 81

What is the class and MOA of Topotecan?

Answer 81

This drug in the following class: - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors This drug's MOA is as follows: - Topoisomerase is an essential enzyme found in all nucleated cells and is responsible for the regulation of DNA topology. - DNA is wound around basic proteins called histones and supercoiled however, DNA must be relaxed before it can be copied. Topoisomerase I introduces single stranded nicks into DNA to allow DNA relaxation. - In the presence of topoisomerase inhibitors, these nicks remain and the DNA is damaged causing cell death.

Question 82

What is the class and MOA of Etoposide?

Answer 82

This drug in the following class: - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors (Podophyllotoxin Derivative) This drug's MOA is as follows: - Topoisomerase is an essential enzyme found in all nucleated cells and is responsible for the regulation of DNA topology. - DNA is wound around basic proteins called histones and supercoiled however, DNA must be relaxed before it can be copied. Topoisomerase II introduces double stranded nicks into DNA to allow DNA relaxation. - In the presence of topoisomerase inhibitors, these nicks remain and the DNA is damaged causing cell death.

Question 83

What is the class and MOA of Teniposide?

Answer 83

This drug in the following class: - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors (Podophyllotoxin Derivative) This drug's MOA is as follows: - Topoisomerase is an essential enzyme found in all nucleated cells and is responsible for the regulation of DNA topology. - DNA is wound around basic proteins called histones and supercoiled however, DNA must be relaxed before it can be copied. Topoisomerase II introduces double stranded nicks into DNA to allow DNA relaxation. - In the presence of topoisomerase inhibitors, these nicks remain and the DNA is damaged causing cell death.

Question 84

What is the class and MOA of Mitoxantrone?

Answer 84

This drug in the following class: - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors (Anthracenedione) This drug's MOA is as follows: - Topoisomerase is an essential enzyme found in all nucleated cells and is responsible for the regulation of DNA topology. - DNA is wound around basic proteins called histones and supercoiled however, DNA must be relaxed before it can be copied. Topoisomerase II introduces double stranded nicks into DNA to allow DNA relaxation. - In the presence of topoisomerase inhibitors, these nicks remain and the DNA is damaged causing cell death.

Question 85

What drugs are in the Taxanes class?

Answer 85

Drugs in this class are: - Docetaxel - Cabazitaxel - Paclitaxel - NabPaclitaxel

Question 86

What is the class and MOA of Docetaxel?

Answer 86

This drug in the following class: - Taxanes This drug's MOA is as follows: - Taxanes inhibit the mitotic spindle. - They bind to tubulin and prevent microtubule depolymerization - therefore inhibiting mitosis and inducing apoptosis in cells undergoing the division process. - These drugs are cell-cycle specific in the M-phase.

Question 87

What is the class and MOA of Cabazitaxel?

Answer 87

This drug in the following class: - Taxanes This drug's MOA is as follows: - Taxanes inhibit the mitotic spindle. - They bind to tubulin and prevent microtubule depolymerization - therefore inhibiting mitosis and inducing apoptosis in cells undergoing the division process. - These drugs are cell-cycle specific in the M-phase - Unlike other taxanes, this drug has a poor affinity for multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins, therefore conferring activity in resistant tumors.

Question 88

What is the class and MOA of Paclitaxel?

Answer 88

This drug in the following class: - Taxanes This drug's MOA is as follows: - Taxanes inhibit the mitotic spindle. - They bind to tubulin and prevent microtubule depolymerization - therefore inhibiting mitosis and inducing apoptosis in cells undergoing the division process. - These drugs are cell-cycle specific in the M-phase.

Question 89

What is the class and MOA of NabPaclitaxel?

Answer 89

This drug in the following class: - Taxanes This drug's MOA is as follows: - Taxanes inhibit the mitotic spindle. - They bind to tubulin and prevent microtubule depolymerization - therefore inhibiting mitosis and inducing apoptosis in cells undergoing the division process. - These drugs are cell-cycle specific in the M-phase.

Question 90

What drugs are in the Pyrimidine Antagonist class?

Answer 90

Drugs in this class are: - Gemcitabine - 5Fluorouracil (5FU) - Capecitabine - Cytarabine - Floxuridine

Question 91

What is the class and MOA of Gemcitabine?

Answer 91

This drug in the following class: - Pyrimidine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - It interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis due to structural similarity to pyrimidine. - The antimetabolite is substituted for normal building blocks of RNA/DNA and interferes with enzyme activity causing cell death.

Question 92

What is the class and MOA of 5Fluorouracil?

Answer 92

This drug in the following class: - Pyrimidine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - It interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis due to structural similarity to pyrimidine. - The antimetabolite is substituted for normal building blocks of RNA/DNA and interferes with enzyme activity causing cell death. - After activation, F-UMP (an active metabolite) is incorporated into RNA to replace uracil and inhibit cell growth - The active metabolite F-dUMP inhibits thymidylate synthetase

Question 93

What is the class and MOA of Capecitabine?

Answer 93

This drug in the following class: - Pyrimidine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Capecitabine is a prodrug of fluorouracil. - It interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis due to structural similarity to pyrimidine. - The antimetabolite is substituted for normal building blocks of RNA/DNA and interferes with enzyme activity causing cell death. - After activation of Fluorouracil, F-UMP (an active metabolite) is incorporated into RNA to replace uracil and inhibit cell growth - The active metabolite F-dUMP inhibits thymidylate synthetase

Question 94

What is the class and MOA of Cytarabine?

Answer 94

This drug in the following class: - Pyrimidine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Cytarabine is a pyrimidine analog and is incorporated into DNA; however, the primary action is inhibition of DNA polymerase resulting in decreased DNA synthesis and repair.

Question 95

What is the class and MOA of Floxuridine?

Answer 95

This drug in the following class: - Pyrimidine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - It is catabolized to fluorouracil after intra-arterial administration, resulting in activity similar to fluorouracil - It inhibits thymidylate synthetase - It interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis due to structural similarity to pyrimidine. - The antimetabolite is substituted for normal building blocks of RNA/DNA and interferes with enzyme activity causing cell death.

Question 96

What drugs are in the Purine Antagonist class?

Answer 96

Drugs in this class are: - 6-Mercatopurine (6-MP) - Fludarabine - Cladribine - Clofarabine - Nelarabine - Pentostatin - Thioguanine

Question 97

What is the class and MOA of 6Mercaptopurine?

Answer 97

This drug in the following class: - Purine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Purine antagonists inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by acting as false metabolite. - The anti-metabolite is incorporated into DNA and RNA eventually inhibiting the ir synthesis. - They are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 98

What is the class and MOA of Fludarabine?

Answer 98

This drug in the following class: - Purine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Purine antagonists inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by acting as false metabolite. - The anti-metabolite is incorporated into DNA and RNA eventually inhibiting the ir synthesis. - They are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 99

What is the class and MOA of Cladribine?

Answer 99

This drug in the following class: - Purine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Purine antagonists inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by acting as false metabolite. - The anti-metabolite is incorporated into DNA and RNA eventually inhibiting the ir synthesis. - They are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 100

What is the class and MOA of Clofarabine?

Answer 100

This drug in the following class: - Purine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Purine antagonists inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by acting as false metabolite. - The anti-metabolite is incorporated into DNA and RNA eventually inhibiting the ir synthesis. - They are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 101

What is the class and MOA of Nelarabine?

Answer 101

This drug in the following class: - Purine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Purine antagonists inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by acting as false metabolite. - The anti-metabolite is incorporated into DNA and RNA eventually inhibiting the ir synthesis. - They are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 102

What is the class and MOA of Pentostatin?

Answer 102

This drug in the following class: - Purine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Purine antagonists inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by acting as false metabolite. - The anti-metabolite is incorporated into DNA and RNA eventually inhibiting the ir synthesis. - They are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 103

What is the class and MOA of Thioguanine?

Answer 103

This drug in the following class: - Purine Antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Purine antagonists inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by acting as false metabolite. - The anti-metabolite is incorporated into DNA and RNA eventually inhibiting the ir synthesis. - They are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 104

What drugs are in the Platinum Analogue class?

Answer 104

Drugs in this class are: - Carboplatin - Cisplatin - Oxaliplatin

Question 105

What is the class and MOA of Carboplatin?

Answer 105

This drug in the following class: - Platinum Analogues This drug's MOA is as follows: - Alkylating agents which covalently binds to DNA and interfere with the function of DNA by producing interstrand DNA cross-links. - They preferentially bind to the N-7 position of guanine.

Question 106

What is the class and MOA of Cisplatin?

Answer 106

This drug in the following class: - Platinum Analogues This drug's MOA is as follows: - Alkylating agents which covalently binds to DNA and interfere with the function of DNA by producing interstrand DNA cross-links. - They preferentially bind to the N-7 position of guanine.

Question 107

What is the class and MOA of Oxaliplatin?

Answer 107

This drug in the following class: - Platinum Analogues This drug's MOA is as follows: - Alkylating agents which covalently binds to DNA and interfere with the function of DNA by producing interstrand DNA cross-links. - They preferentially bind to the N-7 position of guanine.

Question 108

What drugs are in the Hypomethylator class?

Answer 108

Drugs in this class are: - Azacitidine - Decitabine

Question 109

What is the class and MOA of Azacitidine?

Answer 109

This drug in the following class: - Hypomethylator This drug's MOA is as follows: - Methylation (via methyltransferase) of tumor suppressor genes can contribute to the growth and survival of the cancer. Hypomethylating agents prevent DNA methylation by inhibiting methyltransferase, thus allowing for tumor suppressor gene expression which thus inhibits cancer growth.

Question 110

What is the class and MOA of Decitabine?

Answer 110

This drug in the following class: - Hypomethylator This drug's MOA is as follows: - Methylation (via methyltransferase) of tumor suppressor genes can contribute to the growth and survival of the cancer. Hypomethylating agents prevent DNA methylation by inhibiting methyltransferase, thus allowing for tumor suppressor gene expression which thus inhibits cancer growth.

Question 111

What drugs are in the Folate Antagonist class?

Answer 111

Drugs in this class are: - Methotrexate - Pemetrexed

Question 112

What is the class and MOA of Methotrexate?

Answer 112

This drug in the following class: - Folate antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase thus inhibiting the formation of reduced folates. - Inhibits thymidylate synthetase thus inhibiting synthesis of purines and thymidylic acid. - All this leads to inhibition of DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication

Question 113

What is the class and MOA of Pemetrexed?

Answer 113

This drug in the following class: - Folate antagonist This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase thus inhibiting the formation of reduced folates. - Inhibits thymidylate synthetase thus inhibiting synthesis of purines and thymidylic acid. - All this leads to inhibition of DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication

Question 114

What drugs are in the anti-tumor antibody class?

Answer 114

Drugs in this class are: - Bleomycin

Question 115

What is the class and MOA of Bleomycin?

Answer 115

This drug in the following class: - Anti-tumor antibody This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits synthesis of DNA by binding to DNA leading to single- and double-strand breaks.

Question 116

What drugs are in the anthracycline class?

Answer 116

Drugs in this class are: - Daunorubicin - Daunorubicin Liposomal - Daunorubicin and Cytarabine Liposomal - Doxorubicin - Doxorubicin Liposomal - Idarubicin - Epirubicin - Valrubicin

Question 117

What is the class and MOA of Daunorubicin?

Answer 117

This drug in the following class: - Anthracycline This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis via: - Intercalation (direct binding to DNA) - Inhibition of topoisomerase II (a repair enzyme) - Steric obstruction

Question 118

What is the class and MOA of Doxorubicin?

Answer 118

This drug in the following class: - Anthracycline This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis via: - Intercalation (direct binding to DNA) - Inhibition of topoisomerase II (a repair enzyme) - Steric obstruction

Question 119

What is the class and MOA of Idarubicin?

Answer 119

This drug in the following class: - Anthracycline This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis via: - Intercalation (direct binding to DNA) - Inhibition of topoisomerase II (a repair enzyme) - Steric obstruction

Question 120

What is the class and MOA of Epirubicin?

Answer 120

This drug in the following class: - Anthracycline This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis via: - Intercalation (direct binding to DNA) - Inhibition of topoisomerase II (a repair enzyme) - Steric obstruction

Question 121

What is the class and MOA of Valrubicin?

Answer 121

This drug in the following class: - Anthracycline This drug's MOA is as follows: - Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis via: - Intercalation (direct binding to DNA) - Inhibition of topoisomerase II (a repair enzyme) - Steric obstruction

Question 122

What drugs are in the Vinca Alkaloids class?

Answer 122

Drugs in this class are: - Vincristine - Vinorelbine - Vinblastine

Question 123

What is the class and MOA of Vincristine?

Answer 123

This drug in the following class: - Vinca Alkaloids This drug's MOA is as follows: - Binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation stopping cell growth by disrupting the formation of the mitotic spindle. These drugs specifically target the M and S phases of the cell cycle.

Question 124

What is the class and MOA of Vinorelbine?

Answer 124

This drug in the following class: - Vinca Alkaloids This drug's MOA is as follows: - Binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation stopping cell growth by disrupting the formation of the mitotic spindle. These drugs specifically target the M and S phases of the cell cycle.

Question 125

What is the class and MOA of Vinblastine?

Answer 125

This drug in the following class: - Vinca Alkaloids This drug's MOA is as follows: - Binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation stopping cell growth by disrupting the formation of the mitotic spindle. These drugs specifically target the M and S phases of the cell cycle.