Class : external factors and differential achievement Flashcards
who comes up with speech codes ?
Bernstein
studied two 5 year old boys he had researched
WORKING class are disadvantaged
what does bernstein say about elaborate code?
MIDDLE class children tend to use it . it is explicit and not context based . conveys better abstract ideas
what does bernstein say about restricted code -
characterised by implicit , simple sentences. not good at conveying abstract ideas
what does Feinstein: say about parents education in class external factors ?
parents own education is most important factor affecting children’s achievement
socialisation from MC emphasises consistent discipline and high expectations
what does Douglas say about personal interest with families
WC underachieving is a lack of parental interest
5000 british children at visits to schools
found Mc parents more frequent to discuss progress
A03 for douglas parental interest
triple shift - duncombe and marsden
interest in home rather than school
WC parents may feel uncomfortable
who explains cultural capital for class DA?
Bourdieu
what does bourdieu say about cultural capital and class?
there are high cultures : theatre, going abroad
low cultures: football, cinema
cultural capital - knowledge , attitudes, values, language
MC children meet school demand
right language and values
economic and cultural = educational success
who comes up with economic capital as an external factor ? 2 sets of 2 sociologists
J____ and G___ B______ and Y____
jesson and gray , bernstein and young
what do jesson and gray say about finances / economic capital ? (free school meals)
found a correlation between free school meals and low GCSE grades
what do bernstein and young say about finances/ economic capital ? (MC mothers )
MC mothers are more likely to buy educational toys.
low income = less educational books and toys , unavailable computers . WC disadvantaged
who comes up with attitudes and values of the Working Class?
Sugarman
what does sugarman argue about class subcultures ?
they are linked to educational achievement , result of manual and non manual jobs.
higher career ladder in non-manual jobs , lower career ladder in manual jobs
what 4 parallel values does sugarman come up with for WC-> MC achievement
WC: present time orentation
MC: future time orientation
WC:immediate gratification
MC: delayed gratification
WC: collectivism (collective success )
MC: individualism (individual success)
WC: fatalism
MC: meritocracy
KEDDIE criticises BOURDIEU’s cultural capital . what is this called?
“myth of cultural deprivation “
what does Keddie say in her criticism of cultural capital ?
it is a victim-blaming explanation.
WC are culturally different not deprived.
disadvantaged by MC-value dominated educational system
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION: housing
inadequate space = nowhere for child to do homework
poor housing = more illness
because of lack of sleep (damp conditions)
overcrowding - affects sleep + homework
material deprivation : diet and health
HOWARD comes up with this - poor nutrition weakens immune system .
e.g deficiencies
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION: BULL “cost of free schooling”
Tanner - schooling is costly - parents have to pay for transport / uniform/ equipment / resources
BURDEN on wc families
Calendar and jackson FINDINGS about Fear of debt of university . (questionnaires + probability )
2000 questionnaires to prospective students .
WC 5x less likely to apply than MC
