Class Four

Question 1

what do kinetics tell us about spontaneity

Answer 1

nothing

Question 2

what is a step intermediate

Answer 2

substance that is produced in one step and consumed in another

Question 3

rate determining step

Answer 3

slowest step in a process that determines the overall reaction

Question 4

rate of reaction

Answer 4

how fast reactants are being consumed or how fast products are being formed

Question 5

3 things reaction rate is determined by

Answer 5

how frequently the reactant molecules collide

the orientation of the colliding molecules

their energy

Question 6

what is the activation energy

Answer 6

minimum energy required of reactant molecules for the reaction to proceed to products

Question 6

what is the activation energy

Answer 6

minimum energy required of reactant molecules for the reaction to proceed to products

Question 7

energy maximum of a reaction coordinate diagram

Answer 7

transition state

Question 8

the lower the AE, the ___ the reaction rate

Answer 8

faster

Question 9

the greater the conc. of reactants, the ___ the reaction rate

Answer 9

faster

Question 10

the higher the temp of reaction, the ____ the reaction rate

Answer 10

faster

Question 11

what does a catalyst do

Answer 11

accelerates a reaction by lowering the AE

Question 12

do catalysts affect equilibrium

Answer 12

no

Question 13

rate law is usually given as..

Answer 13

the rate at which reactant disappears

Question 14

what is included in the rate law expression

Answer 14

only stuff that is involved in the rate determining step (slow step)

Question 15

first order rate law is seen in..

Answer 15

unimolecular elementary steps

Question 16

second order rate law is seen in..

Answer 16

bimolecular elementary steps

Question 17

when a reaction is at equilibrium..

Answer 17

the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction

Question 18

if k_eq < 1

Answer 18

reaction favours reactants

Question 19

if k_eq = 1

Answer 19

reaction has equal amounts of reactants and products

Question 20

if k_eq > 1

Answer 20

reaction favours the products

Question 21

if Q is less than k_eq

Answer 21

reaction will proceed in the forward direction

Question 22

if Q is greater than k_eq

Answer 22

reaction will proceed in the reverse direction

Question 23

if the volume is reduced (pressure increases) so..

Answer 23

reaction favours the side with the smaller number of moles

Question 24

if the volume is increased (pressure decreases) so..

Answer 24

reaction favours the side with more moles

Question 25

lowering temperature favours ____ reactions

Answer 25

exothermic

Question 26

raising temperature favours _____ reactions

Answer 26

endothermic

Question 27

what are electrolytes

Answer 27

free ions in solution (from when ionic substances dissolve)

Question 28

example of nonelectrolytes

Answer 28

covalent compounds

Question 29

what does the van't Hoff factor tell us

Answer 29

how many ions one unit of substance will produce in a solution

Question 30

van't Hoff factor for most biomolecules

Answer 30

1

Question 31

solubility of solids in liquids ___ with increasing temp

Answer 31

increases

Question 32

solubility of gases in liquids ____ with increasing temp

Answer 32

decreases

Question 33

solubility of gases in liquids _____ with increasing pressure

Answer 33

increases

Question 34

what salts are soluble in water (5)

Answer 34

group 1 salts ammonium salts nitrate, perchlorate & acetate salts

Question 35

what salts are insoluble in water (3)

Answer 35

silver, lead and mercury salts

Question 36

if Q_sp \< K_sp

Answer 36

more salt can be dissolved

Question 37

if Q_sp = K_sp

Answer 37

solution is saturated

Question 38

if Q_sp \> K_sp

Answer 38

excess salt will precipitate

Question 39

what is a complex ion

Answer 39

complex ions consist of metallic ions surrounded by Lewis bases

Question 40

thermodynamics and eq formula

Answer 40

delta G^o = -RTlnk_eq

Question 41

if delta G^o \< 0 and k_eq \> 1

Answer 41

products are favoured at equilibrium

Question 42

if delta G^o = 0 and k_eq = 1

Answer 42

products & reactants are present in equal amounts

Question 43

if delta G^o \> 0 and k_eq \< 1

Answer 43

reactants are favoured at equilibrium

Question 44

what does k depend on

Answer 44

temperature

Question 45

what does q depend on

Answer 45

concentration and temperature