Class Three

Question 1

key property of a physical change

Answer 1

no intramolecular bonds are broken - only affects intermolecular forces

Question 2

temperature is a measure of the amount of internal ___ energy

Answer 2

kinetic

Question 3

kinetic energy of molecules directly affects its ____

Answer 3

phase

Question 4

the higher the average kinetic energy..

Answer 4

the higher its entropy

Question 5

fusion phase change

Answer 5

solid → liquid

Question 5

fusion phase change

Answer 5

solid → liquid

Question 6

crystallization phase change

Answer 6

liquid → solid

Question 7

sublimation phase change

Answer 7

solid → gas

Question 8

deposition phase change

Answer 8

gas → solid

Question 9

heat of transition

Answer 9

amount of energy required to complete a phase transition

Question 10

heat of transition formula

Answer 10

q = n x change in H

Question 11

1 cal =

Answer 11

4.2 J

Question 12

when a substance absorbs or releases heat, 1 of 2 things can occur..

Answer 12

either temperature changes OR it will undergo a phase change

Question 13

heat capacity formula

Answer 13

q = mc(change in T)

Question 14

what is a substance’s specific heat

Answer 14

intrinsic property → tells us how resistant it is to changing temperature

Question 15

during a phase transition.. (temp)

Answer 15

the temperature of the substance does not change

Question 15

during a phase transition.. (temp)

Answer 15

the temperature of the substance does not change

Question 16

triple point

Answer 16

the temperature & pressure at which all 3 phases exist in equilibrium

Question 17

critical point

Answer 17

marks the end of the liquid-gas boundary

after this, substances display properties of liquids & gases aka supercritical fluid

Question 18

what makes water special

Answer 18

denser in liquid form vs solid

Question 19

increasing pressure on ice..

Answer 19

turns into liquid (ice skating)

Question 20

what is vapour pressure

Answer 20

force exerted by the gas particles

Question 21

boiling point is when..

Answer 21

vapour pressure = atmospheric pressure

Question 22

why do the molecules of gas essentially take up no colume

Answer 22

they’re so small compared to the space in between them

Question 23

what defines the pressure of a gas

Answer 23

the collisions of the molecules with the walls of the container

Question 24

kelvin to celsius

Answer 24

C + 273 = K

Question 25

pascal to atm

Answer 25

100 kPa = 1 atm

Question 26

atm to torr

Answer 26

1 atm = 760 torr

Question 27

ideal gas law formula

Answer 27

PV = nRT

Question 28

Charle's law

Answer 28

if pressure is constant, gas will expand when heated & contract when cooled volume is proportional to temperature

Question 29

Boyle's law

Answer 29

if temperature is constant, as volume decreases → pressure increases volume and pressure are inversely related

Question 30

combined gas law formula

Answer 30

Question 31

Avogadro's Law

Answer 31

equal pressure, volume and temp = then the two have the same # of particles

Question 32

main assumptions for kinetic-molecular theory (2)

Answer 32

particles of an ideal gas experience no intermolecular forces volume of individual particles of an ideal gas can be ignored compared to the volume of the gas container

Question 33

what equation is used for real gases (do not behave as ideal gases)

Answer 33

van der Waals equation

Question 34

van der Waals formula

Answer 34

Question 35

when does the deviation from ideal gas law become more pronounced

Answer 35

with gases with stronger intermolecular forces

Question 36

what makes a good ideal gas

Answer 36

low molecular weight & weak intermolecular forces

Question 37

Dalton's law of partial pressures

Answer 37

total pressure is the sum of partial pressures of all the gases in a mixture

Question 38

what is effusion

Answer 38

the escape of a gas molecule through a tiny hole

Question 39

Graham's law of effusion

Answer 39

where r = rate of effusion and M = molar mass

Question 40

what is rms

Answer 40

average speed of molecules

Question 41

avg kinetic energy and temp relationship

Answer 41

they are directly proportional

Question 42

the solvent is usually..

Answer 42

water

Question 43

what is a strong electrolyte

Answer 43

something that will dissociate 100%

Question 44

van't Hoff factor

Answer 44

number of particles produced in a solution per mole of substance

Question 45

how do electrolytes dissociate into water

Answer 45

agitation (endo) → dissociation (endo) → solvation (exo)

Question 46

how do polar non-electrolytes dissociate in water

Answer 46

agitation → solvation

Question 47

how do non-polar non electrolytes dissociate in water

Answer 47

it doesn't lol

Question 48

unsaturated solution

Answer 48

concentration is less than solubility

Question 49

saturated solution

Answer 49

concentration = solubility

Question 50

supersaturated solution

Answer 50

concentration is greater than solubility

Question 51

when is solubility indirectly proportional to temp

Answer 51

gas solutes in water

Question 52

always soluble electrolytes in water

Answer 52

group 1 ions, H+, NH+. NO3-

Question 53

not soluble electrolytes in water

Answer 53

transition metals PO4-