Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma
CREST
2
Q
antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris
blistering
3
Q
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome
glomerulonephritis & hemoptysis
4
Q
antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE
hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide
5
Q
anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflamm, joint pannus, boutonneière deformity)
6
Q
antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis
female, cholestasis, portal HTN
7
Q
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
A
Microscopic polyangiitis & Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA);
Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
8
Q
antinuclear antibodies (ANA: anti-Smith/snRNPs & anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE
type III HSR
9
Q
antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
ITP
10
Q
anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease
diarrhea, distension, wt loss
12
Q
‘apple core’ lesion on abdominal x-ray
A
Colorectal cancer
usually left-sided
13
Q
azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes & myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, esp PML M3 type)
14
Q
bacitracin response
A
Resistance: S. agalactiae (group B)
Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A)
B-BRAS
15
Q
‘bamboo spine’ on x-ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27
16
Q
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies
d/t splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen
17
Q
basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning,
Sideroblastic anemia
18
Q
bloody tap on LP
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
19
Q
‘boot-shaped’ heart on x-ray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot,
RVH
20
Q
branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
21
Q
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor
can compress sympathetic ganglion –> Horner syndrome
22
Q
‘brown’ tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism OR Osteitis fibrosa cystica
deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage –> brown color
23
Q
cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease
Trypansoma cruzi
24
Q
cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
A
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
RPGN
25
'chocolate cyst' of ovary
Endometriosis
| frequently involves both ovaries
26
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes
| neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma
27
colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
```
Cystic fibrosis
(AR mutation in CFTR gene --> fat-soluble vit def & mucous plugs)
```
28
decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome & other chromosomal abnormalities
29
degeneration of dorsal column nerves
```
Tabes dorsalis (3' syphilis),
Subacute combined degeneration (B12 def --> dorsal columns & lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
```
30
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease
| basal ganglia d/o: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
31
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals
| bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs
32
disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies
| granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
33
dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes
| HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer
34
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
'Owl eye' appearance of CMV
35
enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
'Orphan Annie' eyes nuclei
| Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
36
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body
| alcoholic liver disease
37
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body
| Parkinson disease
38
eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body
| toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever
39
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
40
extracellular amyloid deposition in brain gray matter
Senile plaques
| Alzheimer disease
41
giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions
Reed-Sternberg cells CD15/CD30+
| Hodgkin lymphoma
42
glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies
| Yolk sac tumor
43
'hair on end' crew-cut appearance on x-ray
Beta-thalassemia OR Sickle cell anemia
| marrow expansion
44
hCG elevated
```
choriocarcinoma,
hydatidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/o embryo, and multiple pregnancies)
```
45
heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies
| rheumatic fever
46
heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis
| EBV
47
hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma
| Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules
48
high level of D-dimers
DVT,
PE,
DIC
49
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex
| 1' TB: Mycobacterium bacilli
50
'honeycomb lung' on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
51
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome
| adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung
52
hypersegmented neutrophils
```
Megaloblastic anemia
(B12 def: neuro sx's; folate def: no neuro sx's)
```
53
hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome
54
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia,
Lead poisoning,
Thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)
55
increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error,
Anencephaly,
Spina bifida (NTDs)
56
increased uric acid levels
Gout,
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome,
Tumor lysis syndrome,
Loop & Thiazide diuretics
57
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies
| HSV or CMV
58
iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
```
Ferruginous bodies
(abestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)
```
59
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
60
large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chédiak-Higashi disease
| congenital failure if phagolysosome formation
61
'lead pipe' appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis
| loss of haustra
62
linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture syndrome
63
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease
| hepatolenticular degeneration
64
'lumpy bumpy' appearance of glomeruli on IF
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
| immune complex deposition of IgG & C3b
65
lytic ('hole punched') bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
66
mammary gland ('blue domed') cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
67
monoclonal antibody spike
```
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA),
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging),
Waldenström (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia,
Primary amyloidosis
```
68
mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
'Signet ring'
| gastric carcinoma
69
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
'String sign'
| Crohn disease
70
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
```
Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA),
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
```
71
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout
| monosodium urate crystals
72
nodule hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
| diabetic nephropathy
73
Novobiocin response
Resistant: S. saprophyticus
Sensitive: S. epidermidis
74
'nutmeg' appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver d/t RHF
75
'onion skin' periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma
| malignant round-cell tumor
76
optochin response
Resistant: viridans strep (S. mutans)
Sensitive: S. pneumoniae
77
periosteum raised from bone; creating triangular area
Codman triangle on x-ray
| Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
78
podocyte fusion of 'effacement' on EM
Minimal change disease
| child w/ nephropathy
79
polished, 'ivory-like' appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation
| osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis
80
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
```
Neurofibrillary tangle (Alzheimer disease),
Pick bodies (Pick disease/FTLD)
```
81
psammoma bodies
Papillary thyroid carcinoma, Papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium/ovary, Meningioma, Mesothelioma
82
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Gliobastoma multiforme
83
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
84
rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals
| Leydig cell tumor
85
renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral renal injury
86
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout
| calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals
87
rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
88
ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii,
| CNS lymphoma
89
sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scatted pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
('starry sky' histology)
Burkitt lymphoma
| t[8:14] c-myc activation, a/w EBV; 'black sky' made up of malignant cells
90
silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
```
Pick bodies
(Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
```
91
'soap bubble' in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone
| generally benign
92
'spikes' on basement membrane, 'dome-like' subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis
(may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
- different from MPGN!
93
stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation
| high ESR, multiple myeloma
94
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
'Clue cells'
| Gardnerella vaginalis
95
'tennis-racket'-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules
| Langerhans cell histiocytosis/histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma
96
thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn
| arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs
97
'thumb sign' on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis
| H. influenzae
98
thyroid-like appearance of kidneys
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
99
'tram-track' appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
| MPGN
100
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease
| alcoholic or metabolic syndrome
101
'waxy' casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
102
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
103
WBCs that look smudged
CLL
| almost always B cells
104
'wire loop' glomerular capillary apperance of LM
```
Lupus nephropathy
(DPGN = nephritic)
```
105
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia
| e.g. d/t subarachnoid hemorrhage
