Key Associations Flashcards
1
Q
actinic (solar) keratosis
A
precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
acute gastric ulcer a/w CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
acute gastric ulcer a/w severe burns
A
Curling ulcer
(greatly reduced plasma vol results in sloughing of gastric mucosa
4
Q
alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
skip lesions
Crohn disease
5
Q
aneurysm, dissecting
A
HTN
6
Q
aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
aortic aneurysm, arch
A
3’ syphilis (syphilitic aortitis)
vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan syndrome
idiopathic cystic medial degradation
9
Q
atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine def causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, & confusion)
10
Q
autosplenectomy (fibrosis & shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia
hemoglobin S
11
Q
bacteria a/w gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
bacterial meningitis (adults & elderly)
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
13
Q
bacterial meningitis (newborns & kids)
A
Group B streptococcus/E. coli (newborns),
S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids)
14
Q
benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus
MC in 1st two decades
15
Q
bleeding d/o with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
defect in platelet adhesion to vWF
16
Q
brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial:
metastasis > astrocytoma (GBM) > meningioma > schwannoma
17
Q
brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial:
medulloblastoma (cerebellum) OR
Supratentorial:
cranipharyngioma
18
Q
breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
19
Q
breast mass
A
fibrocystic change,
carcinoma (in post menopausal women)
20
Q
breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
cardiac 1’ tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma
often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve
23
Q
cardiac tumor (adults)
A
metastasis,
1’ myxoma (4:1 L to R atrium; ‘ball and valve’)
24
Q
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari II malformation
25
chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation
| a/w high risk of emboli
26
chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
compression fracture
Osteoporosis
(type I: postmenopausal women;
type II: elderly)
29
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
| inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile
32
constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world);
| SLE (developed world)
33
coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
34
cretinism
iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
Cushing syndrome
- Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
- Paraneoplastic Cushing (tumors secrete ACTH)
36
cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot,
transposition of great vessels,
truncus arteriosus
37
cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD,
ASD,
PDA
38
death in CML
blast crisis
39
death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
40
dementia
Alzheimer disease,
| multiple infarcts
41
demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
42
DIC
```
severe sepsis,
OB complications,
cancer,
burns,
trauma,
major surgery
```
43
dietary deficit
Iron
44
diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum
| dx by barium swallow
45
ejection click
Aortic/pulmonary stenosis
46
esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (WW);
| Adenocarcinoma (US)
47
food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus,
| B. cereus
48
glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease
| IgA nephropathy
49
gynecologic malignancy
```
Endometrial carcinoma (MC in US);
Cervical carcinoma (MC WW)
```
50
heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
51
heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever);
| tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
52
helminth infection (US)
```
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm/anal itch),
Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm/GI inf)
```
53
hematoma-epidural
rupture of middle meningeal artery
| trauma; lentiform shaped
54
hematoma-subdural
rupture of bridging veins
| crescent shaped
55
hemochromotosis
multiple blood transfusions OR
hereditary HFE mutation
(can result in CHF, 'bronze diabetes', and increase risk of HCC)
56
hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver
| a/w HBV/HCV & alcoholism
57
hereditary bleeding d/o
von Willebrand disease
58
hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome
| benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
59
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis,
Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome),
Ulcerative colitis,
Psoriatic arthritis
60
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
```
Diabetes mellitus type 1,
Rheumatoid arthritis (DR4),
SLE (DR2/3)
```
61
holosystolic murmur
VSD, TR, MR
62
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad
| results in venous thrombosis
63
HTN, 2'
renal disease
64
hypoparathyroidism
accidental excision during thryroidectomy
65
hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma
| usually benign tumor
66
infection 2' to blood transfusion
HCV
67
infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (all catalase +)
68
intellectual disability
Down syndrome,
| Fragile X syndrome
69
kidney stones
- Calcium = radiopaque
- Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + Proteus vulgaris or Staph)
- Uric acid = radiolucent
70
late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L)
Eisenmenger syndrome
| caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulm HTN/polycythemia
71
liver disease
Alcholic cirrhosis
72
lysosomal storage disease
```
Gaucher disease
(hepatosplenomegaly/pancytopenia/bone necrosis d/t beta-glucosidase def --> increased glucocerebroside)
```
73
male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
74
malignancy a/w noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
75
malignancy (kids)
ALL,
| medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
76
metastasis to bone
prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
77
metastasis to brain
lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
78
metastasis to liver
colon >> stomach, pancreas
79
mitochondrial inheritance
diseases occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
80
mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
81
mixed (UMN & LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
82
myocarditis
Coxsackie B
83
nephrotic syndrome (adult)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease)
85
neuron migration failure
```
Kallman syndrome
(hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
```
86
nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
87
obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
88
opening snap
Mitral stenosis
89
opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
90
osteomyelitis
S. aureus
91
osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
92
osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use
Psudomonas, S. aureus
93
ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma carcninoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor
| mucin-secreting signet-ring cells
94
ovarial tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
95
ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
pancreatitis (acute)
gallstones, alcohol
97
pancreatitis (chronic)
```
alcoholis (adults),
cystic fibrosis (kids)
```
98
patient w/ ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child,
CLL: adult >60,
AML: adult ~65,
CML: adult 30-60
99
pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis,
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae
100
Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22) (bcr-abl)
CML
| may sometimes be a/w ALL/AML
101
pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma,
| somatotropic 'acidophilic' adenoma
102
1' amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
103
1' bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
104
1' hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
105
1' hyperparathyroidism
adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
106
1' liver cancer
```
Hepatocellular carcinoma
(chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, A1AT def)
```
107
pulmonary hypertension
COPD
108
recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease
| strongly a/w tobacco
109
renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma:
| a/w VHL & cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
110
right heart failure d/t pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
111
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
increased ventricular filling
| L to R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure/CHF
112
S4 (presystolic gallop)
stiif/hypertrophic ventricle
| aortic stenosis, RCM
113
2' hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
114
sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected w/ gonorrhea)
115
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
116
site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
117
sites of athrosclerosis
abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
118
stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
119
stomach ulcerations and high gastrin level
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
| gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas
120
t(14:18)
Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
121
t(8:14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
122
t(9:22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl)
123
temporal arteritis
risk of ipsilateral blindness d/t thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; a/w polymyalgia rheumatica
124
testicular tumor
Seminoma
| malignant, radiosensitive
125
thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
126
tumor in women
Leiomyoma
| estrogen dependent, not precancerous
127
tumor of infancy
Hemangioma
| usually regresses spontaneously by childhood
128
tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma
| usually benign
129
tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
130
type of Hodgkin
```
Nodular sclerosis
(vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
```
131
type of non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
132
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young F)
133
viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
134
vitamin deficiency (US)
folate
| pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents NTDs
