Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
anticentromere antibodies
A
scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
pemphigus vulgaris
3
Q
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
4
Q
antihistone antibodies
A
drug induced SLE (hydrazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
anti-IgG antibodies
A
rheumatoid arthritis
6
Q
antimitochondrial antibodies
A
primary biliary cirrhosis
7
Q
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
MPO/p: microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss)
PR3/c: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
8
Q
antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, anti-smith and anti ds-DNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
9
Q
antiplatelet antibodies
A
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purport
10
Q
anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease
12
Q
apple core lesion of barium enema x ray
A
colorectal cancer (usually L)
13
Q
atypical lymphocytes
A
EBV
14
Q
azurophilic peroxidase granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML esp promyelocytic type)
15
Q
bacitracin response
A
sensitive: group A strep (pyogenes)
resistant: group B strep (agalactiae)
16
Q
bamboo spine on x-ray
A
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA B27)
17
Q
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
18
Q
basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
boot shaped heart on x ray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
21
Q
branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
22
Q
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)
23
Q
brown tumor of bone
A
hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
24
Q
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
25
cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
26
chocolate cyst of ovary
endometriosis (usually both ovaries)
27
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
28
colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
cystic fibrosis (auto rec mutation in CFTR gene--> fat soluble vit deficiency and mucus plugs)
29
low AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
30
degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
31
delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supra ventricular tachycardia
Wolf Parkinson White syndrome (bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
32
depigmentation of neurons in substantial nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
33
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)
34
disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
35
dysplastic squamous cervical cells with raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia
koilocytes (HPV, predisposes to cervical cancer)
36
electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
pericardial tamponade
37
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions bodies
owl eye appearance of CMV
38
enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing
orphan annie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
39
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
40
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's)
41
eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis
42
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
43
extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
44
giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl eye)
Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
45
glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cell
Schiller Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
46
hair on end/crew cut appearance on x ray
B thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
47
hCG elevated
choriocarcinoma, hydatifidiform mole
48
heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
49
heterophile antibodies
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
50
hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (Charcot Leyden crystals, eosinophilic)
51
high level of D dimer
DVT, PE, DIC
52
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB, mycobacterium)
53
honeycomb lung on x ray or CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
54
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocaricinoma of pancreas or lung)
55
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neuro sympts vs B9 deficiency: no neuro sympts)
56
hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
57
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
58
increased AFT in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
dating error, anencephaly, spinal bifida (neural tube defects)
59
increased uric acid levels
gout, Lesch Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazides
60
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
61
iron containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: leads to mesothelioma)
62
keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
63
large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
64
lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
ulcerative colitis (lost of haustra)
65
linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
Goodpasture syndrome
66
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
67
lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunoflourescence
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, C3)
68
lytic (punched out) bone lesions on x ray
multiple myeloma
69
mammary gland (blue domed) cyst
fibrocystic change of the breast
70
monoclonal antibody spike
multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom (M protein-IgM) macroglobulinemia
primary amyloidosis
71
mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
72
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x ray
string sign- Crohn's
73
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
```
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3/c ANCA)
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
```
74
needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
gout (monosodium urate crystals)
75
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
76
novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staph epidermidis
Resistant: Staph saprophyticus
77
nutmeg appearance of liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd Chiari syndrome
78
onion skin periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
79
optochin response
sensitive: Strep pneumoniae
resistant: viridans streptococci
80
periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangle on x ray, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
81
podoctye fusion or effacement on electron microscopy
minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
82
polished, ivory like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
83
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
84
psammoma bodies
meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
85
pseduopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
86
RBC casts in urine
glomerulonephritis
87
rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
88
recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
89
renal epithelial casts in urine
intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxin)
90
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
psuedogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
91
rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
92
ring enchaining brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
93
sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tangible body laden macrophages (starry sky histology)
Burkitt lymphoma (t8;14 c myc activation, ass with EB, starry sky of malignant cells)
94
silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease, progressive dementia, changes in personality)
95
soap bubble in femur or tibia on xray
giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
96
spikes on basement membrane, dome like sub epithelial deposits
membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
97
stacks of RBCs
rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
98
steeple sign on CXR
croup (parainfluenza virus)
99
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)
100
streptococcus bovis bacteremia
colon cancer
101
tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
birbeck granules (Langerhans cell hisitocytosis)
102
thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)
103
thrombi made of white/red layers
lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
104
thumb sign on lateral neck x ray
epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
105
thryoid like appearance of kidney
chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infection)
106
tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
107
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
108
waxy casts with very low urine flow
chronic end stage renal disease
109
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
110
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (usually B cell)
111
wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)
112
yellowish CSF
xanthochromia (ex bc subarachnoid hemorrhage bc bilirubin from blood breakdown)
