Key Associations Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
actinic (solar) keratosis
A
precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increase in ICP stimulates vagal gastric proton secretion)
3
Q
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
skip lesions (Crohn’s)
5
Q
aortic aneurysm, abdominal
A
atherosclerosis
6
Q
aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
A
tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
7
Q
aortic aneurysm, throacic
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
8
Q
aortic dissection
A
hypertension
9
Q
atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
autospelenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
sickle cell disease (Hb S)
11
Q
bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H pylori
12
Q
bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
S pneumoniae
13
Q
bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
newborns: Group B strept, E coli
kids: S pneumoniae, N meningitidis
14
Q
bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
A
Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet ring cells)
15
Q
bleeding disorder with GPIb deficiency
A
Bernard Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)
16
Q
brain tumor (adults)
A
supraentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
17
Q
brain tumor (kids)
A
infraentorial: medullloblastoma (cerebellum) supraentorial: craniopharyngioma
18
Q
breast cancer
A
invasive ductal carcinoma
19
Q
breast mass
A
fibrocystic change, carcinoma (post menopause)
20
Q
breast tumor (benign)
A
fibroadenoma
21
Q
cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
rhabdomyoma, often in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)
23
Q
cardiac tumor (adults)
A
metastasis, myxoma (90% in LA, ball and valve)
24
Q
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
chiari II malformation
25
chronic arrhythmia
atrial fibrillation (ass with high risk of emboli)
26
chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune
predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21 hydroxylase deficiency
29
congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
30
constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world)
| idiopathic, viral (developed world)
31
coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD then RCA then circumflex
32
cretinism
iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
33
cretinism
iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
34
cushing syndrome
iatrogenic (from steroid use)
adrenocortical adenoma (secretes cortisol)
ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma (cushing disease)
paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumor)
35
cyanosis (early, less common)
tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
36
cyanosis (late, more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
37
death in CML
blast crisis
38
death in SLE
lupus nephropathy
39
death in SLE
lupus nephropathy
40
dementia
Alzhemier disease, multiple infarcts (vascular)
41
demyelinating disease in young women
multiple sclerosis
42
DIC
severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
43
dietary deficit
iron
44
diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
45
ejection click
aortic stenosis
46
esophageal cancer
squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)
| adenocarcinoma (US)
47
food poisoning (exotoxin)
S aureus, B cereus
48
glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
49
gynecologic malignancy
```
endometrial carcinoma (US)
cervical carcinoma (worldwide)
```
50
heart murmur, congenital
mitral valve prolapse
51
helminth infection (US)
enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides
52
hematoma-epidural
rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma, lentiform shaped)
53
hematoma-sudural
rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
54
hemochromatosis
multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, bronze diabetes, and risk hepatocellular carcinoma)
55
hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhotic liver (ass with hep B/C and with alcoholism)
56
hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
57
hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
58
HLA B27
ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
59
HLA DR3
diabetes mellitus type I, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis
60
HLA DR4
diabetes mellitus type I, rheumatoid arthritis
61
holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
62
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (risk of thrombus)
63
hypertension, secondary
renal disease
64
hypoparathyroidism
accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
hypopituitarism
pituitary adenoma (usually benign)
66
infection secondary to blood transfusion
hep C
67
infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S aureus, E coli, aspergillus (catalase pos)
68
intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
69
kidney stones
calcium: radiopaque
struvite (ammonium): radiopaque, formed by urease pos organisms
uric acid: radiolucent
70
late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA--> pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
71
liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis
72
lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher diseease
73
male cancer
prostatic carcinoma
74
malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
75
malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
76
metastases to bone
prostate, breast over lung over thyroid
77
metastases to brain
lung over breast over GU over melanoma over GI
78
metastases to liver
colon over stomach over pancreas
79
mitochondrial inheritance
disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
80
mitral valve stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
81
mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
82
myocarditis
coxsackie B
83
nephrotic syndrome (adults)
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
nephrotic syndrome (kids)
minimal change disease
85
neuron migration failure
Kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
86
nosocomial pneumonia
S aureus, pseudomonas, other enteric gram neg rods
87
obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
88
opening snap
mitral stenosis
89
opportunistic infection in AIDS
pneumocytis jirovecii pneumonia
90
osteomyelitis
S aureus
91
osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
salmonella
92
osteomyelitis with IV drug use
pseudomonas, candida, S aureus
93
ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
serous cystadenoma
94
ovarian tumor (malignant)
serous cystadenocarcinoma
95
pancreatitis (acute)
gallstones, alcohol
96
pancreatitis (chronic)
```
alcohol (adults)
cystic fibrosis (kids)
```
97
patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML ages
ALL: kid
CLL: adult over 60
AML: adult about 65
CML: older adult
98
pelvic inflammatory disease
C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae
99
philadelphia chromosome t 9;22 (BCR-ABL)
CML (sometimes ALL/AML)
100
pituitary tumor
prolactinoma, somatropic adenoma
101
primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
102
primary bone tumor (adults)
multiple myeloma
103
primary hyperaldosteronism
adenoma of adrenal cortex
104
primary hyperparathyroidism
adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
105
primary liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemocrhomatosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disese)
106
pulmonary hypertension
COPD
107
recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly ass with tobacco)
108
renal tumor
renal cell carcinoma: ass with von Hippel Lindau and cigarette smoking, paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
109
right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
cor pulmonale
110
S3 heart sound
increase V filling pressure (ex mitral regurg, HF), common in dilated V's
111
S4 heart sound
stiff/hypertrophic V (ex aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
112
secondary hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
113
sexually transmitted disease
C trachomatis (usually confection with N gonorrhoeae)
114
SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
115
site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
116
sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta over coronary artery over popliteal artery over carotid artery
117
stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
118
stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas
119
t 14;18
follicular lymphomas (Bcl2 activation, antiapoptotic oncogene)
120
t 8;14
Burkitt lymphoma (c myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
121
t 9;22
philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
122
temporal arteritis
risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of opthalmic artery, polymyalgia rheumatica
123
testicular tumor
seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
124
thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
125
tumor in women
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
126
tumor of infancy
strawberry hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
127
tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
128
tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
neuroblastoma (malignant)
129
type of Hodgkin lymphoma
nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
130
type of non Hodgkin lymphoma
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
131
UTI
E coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
132
vertebral compression fracture
osteoporosis (type I: postmenopause, type II:elderly man or woman)
133
viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
134
vitamin deficiency (US)
folate (pregnant women are at high risk, body stores only 3-4 mo, prevents neural tube defects)
