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(First Aid) + Pharm + (Secrets) > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg Strauss snydrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegner; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA: anti-Smith and anti dsDNA)

A

SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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12
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic M3 type, treat with all trans retinoic acid)

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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

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15
Q

“Bamboo spine” on xray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA B27)

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16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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17
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

“Boot shaped” heart on X-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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20
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can suppress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

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22
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

HyperPTH or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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25
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
26
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
27
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene-->fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
28
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
29
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
30
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting, tremor, bradykinesia)
31
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
32
Disarraged granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
33
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
34
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"owl-eye" appearance of CMV
35
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan-Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
38
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
39
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
40
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
41
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eyes)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
42
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk-sac tumor)
43
"Hair-on-end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray
B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion due to increased hematopoesis)
44
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occrs with and w/out embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
45
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
46
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
47
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
48
High level of D-Dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
49
Hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
50
"Honey comb lumg" on xray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
51
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
52
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
53
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome (hyper-aldosteronism)
54
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
55
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
56
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
57
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
58
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
59
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
60
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture syndrome
61
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
62
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
63
Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
64
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
65
Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA); MGUS (aging); Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM); Primary amyloidosis
66
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)
67
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"String sign" (Crohn disease)
68
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
69
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
70
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule (diabetic neuropathy)
71
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
72
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
73
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
74
Optochin response
Sensitive: streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci
75
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
76
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscope
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
77
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
78
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
79
Psammoma bodies
Papillary thyroid carcinoma, serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary, mesothelioma, meningiomas
80
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
81
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
82
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
83
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral renal injury
84
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringement
Pseudogout (CPPD crystals)
85
Rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
86
Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
87
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt lymphoma ([t8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black-sky" made up of malignant cells)
88
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
89
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on X-ray
Giant cell-tumor of bone (generally benign)
90
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
91
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
92
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
93
"Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
94
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs), pre-mortem clot
95
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenza)
96
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
97
"Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
98
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
99
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
100
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
101
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (almost always B-cell)
102
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
103
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (eg due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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