Key Associations Part 1

Question 1

Actinic keratosis

Answer 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ CNS injury

Answer 2

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

Question 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Answer 3

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Question 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Answer 4

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

Question 5

Aneurysm, dissecting

Answer 5

HTN

Question 6

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Answer 6

Atherosclerosis

Question 7

Aortic aneurysm, arch

Answer 7

tertiary syphilis (syphilic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

Question 8

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Answer 8

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Question 9

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Answer 9

Wenicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Question 10

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Answer 10

Sickle cell anemia (Hb S)

Question 11

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

Answer 11

H. pylori

Question 12

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Answer 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 13

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Answer 13

Group B streptococcus/E coli (newborns), S pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids)

Question 14

Benign melanocytic nevus

Answer 14

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

Question 15

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

Answer 15

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

Question 16

Brain tumor (adults)

Answer 16

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

Question 17

Brain tumor (kids)

Answer 17

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Question 18

Breast cancer

Answer 18

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Question 19

Breast mass

Answer 19

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post menopausal women)

Question 20

Breast tumor (benign)

Answer 20

Fibroadenoma

Question 21

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

Answer 21

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Question 22

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Answer 22

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (non bacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

Question 23

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Answer 23

Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”

Question 24

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Answer 24

Chiari II malformation

Question 25

Chronic arrhythmia

Answer 25

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

Question 26

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Answer 26

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Question 27

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Answer 27

DES exposure in utero

Question 28

Compression fracture

Answer 28

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type 2: elderly man or woman)

Question 29

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Answer 29

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 30

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Answer 30

VSD

Question 31

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Answer 31

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Question 32

Constrictive pericarditis

Answer 32

TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)

Question 33

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Answer 33

LAD > RCA > LCA

Question 34

Cretinism

Answer 34

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Question 35

Cushing syndrome

Answer 35

Iatrogenic cushing (corticosteroid therapy), adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol), ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma, Paraneoplastic cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Question 36

Cyanosis (early, less common)

Answer 36

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Question 37

Cyanosis (late, more common)

Answer 37

VSD, ASD, PDA

Question 38

Death in CML

Answer 38

Blast crisis

Question 39

Death in SLE

Answer 39

Lupus nephropathy

Question 40

Dementia

Answer 40

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts

Question 41

Demyelinating disease in young women

Answer 41

Multiple sclerosis

Question 42

DIC

Answer 42

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

Question 43

Dietary deficit

Answer 43

Iron

Question 44

Diverticulum in pharynx

Answer 44

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Question 45

Ejection click

Answer 45

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

Question 46

Esophageal cancer

Answer 46

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

Question 47

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

Answer 47

S aureus, B cereus

Question 48

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Answer 48

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

Question 49

Gynecologic malignancy

Answer 49

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

Question 50

Heart murmur, congenital

Answer 50

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 51

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Answer 51

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

Question 52

Helminth infection (US)

Answer 52

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 53

Hematoma--epidural

Answer 53

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

Question 54

Hematoma--subdural

Answer 54

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

Question 55

Hemochromatosis

Answer 55

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes", and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

Question 56

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 56

Cirrhotic liver (associated with Hep B and C and with alcoholism)

Question 57

Hereditary bleeding disorder

Answer 57

von Willebrand disease

Question 58

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Answer 58

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 59

HLA B27

Answer 59

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

Question 60

HLA-DR3 or DR4

Answer 60

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE