Classic labs/findings Flashcards by Em Swen

dec AFP in amniotic fluid

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities (high hCG + inhibin)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

chediak-higashi (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

wiskott-aldrich syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

branching G+ rods w/ sulfur granules

actinomyces israelii

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

optochin response

resistant: viridans strep
sensitive: strep pneumo
OVRPS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

novobiocin response

resistant: staph saprophyticus
sensitive: staph epidermidis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bacitracin response

resistant: s. agalactiae (GBS)
sensitive: s. pyo (GAS)
BBRAS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

strep bovis bacteremia

colon cancer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lungs

ghon complex (primary TB)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells

clue cells (gardnerella)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

toxo, CNS lymphoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy

chagas disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

heterophile Abs

infectious mono (EBV)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

eosinophilic globule in liver

councilman body (viral hep, yellow fever) - hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

steeple sign on frontal CXR

croup (parainfluenza virus)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

negri bodies of rabies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

atypical lymphocytes

EBV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies

Owl-eye appearance of CMV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray

epiglottitis (H flu)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

delta wave on ECG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

WPW (bundle of kent bypasses AV node)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

boot-shaped heart on Xray

ToF (due to RV hypertrophy)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)

coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

heart nodules (granulomatous)

aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

electrical alternans

pericardial tamponade

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

primary hyperaldo (Conn syndrome)

enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground-glass nuclei w/ central clearing

"orphan annie" eyes (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

MPO/p-ANCA

microscopic polyangiitis, EGPA (PSC)

PR3/c-ANCA

GPA

anti-TTG/gliadin/endomysial Abs

celiac

mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus

"signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

string sign - Crohns

lead pipe appearance of colon on abd imaging

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

FAP (APC mutation)

apple-core lesion on barium enema xray

colorectal cancer (L sided)

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion on liver cell

mallory body (alcoholic liver dz)

TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

fatty liver dz

"nutmeg" liver

chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF or budd chiari

anti-mitochondrial Abs

PBC (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

low serum ceruloplasmin

wilson dz

migratory thrombophlebitis

troussea syndrome (pancreatic adenocarcinoma or lung)

basophilic nuclear remnant in RBCs

howell-jolly bodies (due to asplenia)

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Fe-def anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia

crew-cut appearance on x-ray

B-thal, SS disease (marrow expansion)

basophilic stippling

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

hypersegmented PMNs

B12 def, folate def (no neuro)

anti-platelet Abs

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

high level of D-dimers

DVT, PE, DIC

giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions

RS cells - hodgkin lymphoma

sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale, tingible-body macrophages

burkitt lymphoma (t8;14 - c-myc, assoc w/ EBV)

lytic bone lesions on xray

multiple myeloma

monoclonal Ab spike

- multiple myeloma - MGUS - waldenstrom (IgM) - primary amyloidosis

stack of RBCs

rouleax - high ESR or multiple myeloma

azurophilic peroxidase(+) granular inclusions in granulocytes + myeloblasts

auer rods (AML)

smudge cells

CLL (almost always B cell)

tennis racket-shaped cytoplasmic organelles

birbeck granules - langerhan cell histiocytosis

"brown" bone tumor

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

raised periosteum (codman triangle)

aggressive bone lesion (eg. osteosarcoma, ewing, osteomyelitis)

"soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray

giant cell tumor of bone

"onion skin" periosteal reaction

Ewing sarcoma

anti-IgG Abs

rhomboid crystals, + birefringent

pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

needle-shaped, - birefringent crystals

gout (monosodium urate crystals)

inc uric acid levels

gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop + thiazide diuretics

bamboo spine on x-ray

ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B27)

ANAs - anti-smith + anti-dsDNA

SLE (type III HSR)

anti-topoisomerase Abs

diffuse systemic scleroderma

bloody or yellow tap on LP

subarachnoid hemorrhage - yellow is xanthochromia

antihistone Abs

drug-induced SLE (HIP hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide)

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

Lewy body (parkinsons + LBD)

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

senile plaques (AD)

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

parkinsons

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

neurofibrillary tangles (AD) + pick bodies (pick dz)

silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

pick bodies (pick dz: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

GBM

circular group of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

homer-wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

waxy casts w/ low urine flow

chronic end stage renal dz

RBC casts in urine

glomerulonephritis

tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular BM on light microscopy

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

kimmelstiel-wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

spikes on BM, dome-like subepithelial deposits

membranous nephropathy

anti-glomerular BM Abs

goodpasture

cellular crescents on bowman capsule

RPGN

"wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (lupus)

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on IF

PSGN (deposition of IgG, IgM, C3)

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) + necrotizing glomerulonephritis

GPA or goodpasture

thyroidization of kidney

chronic pyelo

WBC casts in urine

acute pyelo

renal epithelial casts in urine (muddy casts)

intrinsic renal failure (ischemic or toxic tubular necrosis)

elevated hCG

chorio, mole

dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ raisin nuclei + hyperchromasia

koilocytes (HPV)

psammoma bodies

meningiomas, mesothelioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium + ovary

disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collectuons of eosinophilic fluid

call-exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor)

blue dome cyst in mammary gland

fibrocystic change of the breast

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

schiller-duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells

reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor)

thrombi made of white/red layers

lines of zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

bronchial asthma (charcot-leyden crystals)

desquamated epithelial casts in sputum

curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma)

honeycomb lung on CXR or CT

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain)