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Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

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1
Q

Absence Seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs
Colchicine
Glucocorticoids

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A 
Methylphenidate
CBT
Atomexitine
Guanfacine
Clonidine
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5
Q

Alcoholism

A

Disulfram (inhibits acetaldehyde breakdown)
Acamprosate (GABA-like)
Naltrexone (opioid antagonist)
Supportive Care

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6
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal

A

Long-acting benzos

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition
Psychotherapy
Mirtazapine (alpha 2 antagonist –> NE/serotonin release)

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8
Q

Arrythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class 1B antiarrythmic

  • Lidocaine
  • Mexiletine
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9
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Alpha-1-antagonists
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
PDE-5 inhibitors

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10
Q

Bipolar disorder

A 
Mood stabilizers: 
- Lithium
- Valproic acid
- Carbamazepine
Atypical antipsychotics (Olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, ziprasidone.)
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11
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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12
Q

Beurger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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13
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs (e.g. Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Sertraline)

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14
Q

Candida albicans (vaginitis, oral/esophageal, systemic)

A

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphoteracin B (systemic)

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15
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide (somatostatin analogue - “Mimics natural somatostatin by inhibiting serotonin release, and the secretion of gastrin, VIP, insulin, glucagon, secretin, motilin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Decreases growth hormone and IGF-1 in acromegaly.”

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16
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline or Azithromycin (+ ceftriaxone w/ coinfxn)

Erythromycin eye drops (infant prophylaxis)

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17
Q

Chronic gout

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (e.g. allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase; probenecid

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18
Q

Chronic hepatitis B and C

A

IFN-alpha (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprivir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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19
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Imatinib (targets bcr-abl tyrosine kinase)

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20
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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21
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Metronidazole; refractory cases: oral vancomycin

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22
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin

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23
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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24
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

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25
Cryptococcus neoformans
Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)
26
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, CLL, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, RA
Rituximab (targets CD20 in most B-cell tumors w/ monoclonal antibody)
27
Isoniazid requires what substance to be expressed by TB to exhibit its effects? What is its MOA after conversion? What vitamin deficiency can result from INH?
Bacterial catalase peroxidase (encoded by KatG) to convert INH to active form. Decreases synthesis of mycolic acids. B6 Pyridoxine
28
What drugs are P450 inducers?
Chronic alcoholics never find John's grizzly carb rifle. Chronic alcohol use (upregs. P450), St. John's wort, Phenytoin, Phenobarbitol, Nevirapine, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine
29
What drugs are often induced by P450 inducers?
Anti-epileptics (phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine, etc.), Theophylline, Warfarin, OCPs - "AcT Of War"
30
What drugs inhibit P450 action?
AAA RACKS IN GQ Magazine Acute alcohol abuse, Ritonavir, Amiodarone, Cimetadine/ciprofloxacin, Ketoconazole, Sulfonamides, Isoniazid (INH), Grapefruit juice, Quinidine, Macrolides (except azithromycin)
31
Cylcophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Mesna (prevents the hemorrhagic cystitis)
32
Depression
SSRIs (first-line)
33
Diabetes insipidus
Central --> Desmopressin (ADH) | Nephrogenic --> HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
34
DM Type 1
Dietary intervention (low carbs) + insulin replacement
35
DM Type 2
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)
36
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Fluids, insulin, K+
37
Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy
Heparin
38
Enterococci
Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins
39
Erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
40
Estrogen Receptor positive (ER +) breast cancer
Tamoxifen (estrogen receptor antagonist in breast, agonist at bone/uterus - elevated thrombotic risk/endometrial cancer)
41
Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
42
Haemophilus influenzae (B)
Ceftriaxone (meningitis) Amox/clav (mucosal infxn) Rifampin (prophylaxis)
43
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
SSRIs, SNRIs (first line - Venlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran); buspirone (second line - nonbenzo - no alcohol interaction/addiction)
44
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
45
Heparin reversal
Protamine sulfate
46
HER2/neu + breast cancer
Trastuzumab
47
Hyperaldosteronism
Spirinolactone (inhibits aldosterone receptor in cytoplasm)
48
Hypercholesterolemia
Statin (1st line) - (HMG CoAa reductase inhibitors: prevent HMG CoA to mavalonate conversion)
49
Hypertriglyceridemia
Fibrate (upreg. LPL --> increase TG clearance; activate PPAR-alpha --> induce HDL synth)
50
Immediate anticoagulation
Heparin
51
Infertility
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene
52
Influenza
Oseltamivir, zanamivir
53
Kawasaki disease
IVIG, high dose ASA
54
Legionella penumophila
Macrolides (Azithromycin)
55
Long-term anticoagulation
Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban
56
What drugs cause a Lupus-like syndrome? (HIPPPE)
``` Hydralazine INH Procainamide Phenytoin Penacillamine Ethosuxamide ```
57
Malaria
Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
58
Malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
59
Medical abortion
Mifepristone
60
Migraine
Abortive: Sumatriptan (5HT1B1D agonist), NSAIDs Prophylaxis: propanolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline
61
Multiple sclerosis
Disease modifying therapies (ß-interferon, natalizumab) | Acute flairs: IV steroids
62
M. tuberculosis
RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
63
Neisseria gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline or azithromycin to cover likely concurrent C. trachomatis) - look out for azithromycin and the cephalosporin causing increased chance of nephrotoxicity - may want to go with doxycycline instead if in answer choice
64
Neisseria meningitidis
PCN/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
65
NTD prevention
Prenatal folic acid
66
Osteomalacia/rickets
Vitamin D supplementation
67
Osteoporosis
Prophylaxis: Calcium/vitamin D supplementation; Treatment: Bisphosphonates (1st line), PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab
68
PDA
Close: indomethacin | Keep open: PGE analog

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