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Key Associations Flashcards

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1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor for Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (elevated ICP stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child
CLL: adult >60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 45-85

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5
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohns disease)

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

3° syphilis (syphilitic aoirtitis) –> vasa vasorum destrxn

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Marfan syndrome (iodiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Aortic dissxn

A

HTN

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10
Q

Atrophy of the mamillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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11
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (HbS)

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12
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric malignancies (e.g. adenocarcinoma, MALToma)

A

Haemophilus Pylori

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults/elderly >60)

A

S. pneumoniae

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14
Q

Bacterial meningitis (neonates/kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E. coli (neonates)

S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids/teens)

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15
Q

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

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16
Q

Bleeding disorder w/ GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

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17
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

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18
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerubellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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19
Q

Breast cancer

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

Breast Mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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21
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Obesity/insulin resistance, gastric adenocarcinoma and visceral malignancies

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22
Q

Sign of Leser-Trelat (multiple seborrheic keratoses)

A

GI adenocarcinomas and other visceral malignancies

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23
Q

Hypercalcemia (from PTHrP)

A

Squamous cell carcinomas (lung, head, neck); renal, bladder, breast and ovarian carcinomas

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24
Q

Hypercalcemia (elevated 1,25-(OH)2 Vitamin D3 - aka calcitriol)

A

Lymphoma (contain 1-alpha-hydroxylase)

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25
Cushing syndrome (paraneoplastic ACTH elevation)
Small cell lung cancer
26
Hyponatremia (paraneoplastic ADH elevation)
Small cell lung cancer
27
Subacute cerebellar degeneration
Anti-Hu/Yo/Tr antibodies against Purkinje cells of cerebellum - Small cell lung cancer, gynecologic/breast cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma
28
Breast tumor (benign, young woman)
Fibroadenoma
29
Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often in tuberous sclerosis
30
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial) - both sides of valve
31
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, myxoma (90% in L. atrium; "ball and valve")
32
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari II malformation
33
Chronic arrythmia
A. Fib. (emboli risk)
34
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
35
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
DES exposure in utero
36
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
37
Congenital cardiac anomaly (most common)
VSD
38
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
39
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
40
From most to least common: Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>circumflex
41
Death in CML
Blast crisis
42
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
43
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
44
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
45
Cushing syndrome
1. Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid Rx) 2. Adrenocortical adenoma (excess cortisol) 3. ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease) 4. Paraneoplastic (Small cell lung cancer - other tumors secreting ACTH)
46
Cyanosis (early/congenital; less common than late)
Tetrology of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
47
Demyelinating disease in young women
MS
48
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications (amniotic embolism, etc.), cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, Acute promyelocytic leukemia
49
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (Dx by barium swallow) - false diverticulum
50
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
51
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
52
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. Aureus, B. Cereus
53
Gastric cancer
Adenocarcinoma
54
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
55
Gynecological malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
56
Heart murmur, congenital
MVP
57
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever); tricuspid (IV drugs)
58
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
59
Hematoma-epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
60
Hematoma-subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
61
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can lead to HF, "bronze diabetes", and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
62
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with Hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
63
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
64
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
65
HLA-B27
Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (aka Reiter syndrome)
66
HLA-DR3
DM type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thryroiditis, Addison disease
67
HLA-DR4
DM type 1, RA, Addison disease

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